sampaikan maklumat = 传达资料

先观察图文呈现的问题，再找能直接改善安全的行动。题目不是询问审美或作绝对概括。讲述时应说明器材哪里不合适，以及出发前要怎样处理。

例子： 若固定带松动，应先调整至稳固，再开始活动。

sampaikan maklumat = communicate information

Observe the problem shown in the graphic, then identify an action that directly improves safety. The question is not about appearance or an absolute claim. A useful account explains what is wrong with the equipment and what should be done before movement begins.

Example: A loose fastening should be adjusted securely before the activity starts.

disiplin = 纪律

人物排队等候说明他愿意遵守次序，也顾及其他乘客。题目要求从行动判断价值观，三个选项都是好品质，但只有一个和“等候轮次”这个行动直接相关。先找“等候轮次”对公共安全和秩序的作用。

例子： 有序上车能减少推挤，表现纪律与体谅。

disiplin = discipline

Waiting for one’s turn shows respect for order and consideration for other passengers. All three options are good qualities, so choose the one most directly shown by the action of waiting for a turn. Think about how orderly boarding reduces pushing and supports public safety.

Example: Taking turns when boarding demonstrates discipline and consideration by reducing crowding.

urutan masa = 时间顺序

日记应按事件实际发生的先后排列，让读者不必倒推。先判断准备、出发、到达和回程之间的关系，再选择自然顺序。题目考查连贯，不是挑选词语是否好听。

例子： 一次活动通常先准备与出发，再进行活动，最后才回程；请用这个原则判断。

urutan masa = chronological order

A diary should arrange events in the order they happened so readers do not need to reconstruct the timeline. Compare preparation, departure, arrival, and return logically. The item tests coherence rather than which words sound more attractive.

Example: An outing normally begins with preparation and departure, continues at the destination, and ends with the return journey.

pengajaran seloka = 诙谐诗教训

先找诗中被批评的行为，再把它改写成正面做法。争先恐后会影响秩序和安全，因此教训应说明更合适的公共行为。不要选择继续或加强错误的行动。

例子： 把“争抢上车”转化为“排队并顾及他人”，才是正面教训。

pengajaran seloka = lesson from a seloka

Identify the behaviour criticised in the verse, then convert it into a positive action. Rushing and pushing affect order and safety, so the lesson should state a better public behaviour. Do not choose an option that continues or intensifies the mistake.

Example: Turn competitive boarding into orderly queuing and consideration for others to express the positive lesson.

kata tanya sebab = 原因疑问词

句子要询问检查轮胎的原因，因此应选表示“为什么”的疑问词。请求词会变成指示，程度词只加强形容。观察问号和句意，可以判断所需的句子功能。

例子： 若回答需要以 kerana 开始，问题通常在询问原因。

kata tanya sebab = reason question word

The sentence asks for the reason tyres need inspection, so it requires a question word meaning “why.” A request word would create an instruction, while an intensifier only changes degree. The question mark and expected reason reveal the required function.

Example: When an answer is likely to begin with “kerana,” the question is asking for a reason.

kata pemeri = 系词

先看空格后面是什么短语：di dalam bilik stor 以介词 di 开头，是介词短语。ialah 只能接名词短语；tidak 不能直接放在介词短语前面表示否定。找出后面短语的类别，就能判断该用哪个词。记住：名词短语前用一个词，形容词短语和介词短语前用另一个词。

例子： Murid itu adalah dalam keadaan selamat.（介词短语前）对比 Murid itu ialah ketua kelas.（名词短语前）.

kata pemeri = copula

Look at the phrase after the blank: di dalam bilik stor begins with the preposition di, so it is a prepositional phrase. Ialah can only introduce a noun phrase, and tidak cannot directly negate a prepositional phrase. Identifying the type of phrase that follows tells you which word fits.

Example: Murid itu adalah dalam keadaan selamat (before a prepositional phrase) contrasts with Murid itu ialah ketua kelas (before a noun phrase).

kata nafi = 否定词

空格后面的 isyarat untuk melintas 是名词短语。否定名词短语和介词短语要用一个词，否定动词和形容词要用另一个词；jangan 是叫人不要做某事的命令词，不用来否定陈述句。先判断后面是名词还是动作。

例子： Itu bukan buku saya.（否定名词）· Air itu tidak sejuk.（否定形容词）.

kata nafi = negator

The phrase isyarat untuk melintas is a noun phrase. One negator is used for noun and prepositional phrases, another for verbs and adjectives, and jangan is a prohibition word used to tell someone not to act, not to negate a statement. Decide whether the following phrase names a thing or an action.

Example: Itu bukan buku saya negates a noun, while Air itu tidak sejuk negates an adjective.

kata sendi nama = 介词

这句说明老师把简报“给”参加者，所以要用表示对象、方向是“给某人”的介词。daripada 表示来源，例如从某人那里得到；dari 用在地点或时间的起点。先问自己：动作是给出去，还是从哪里来？

例子： Ali menerima hadiah daripada guru.（来源）· Ali memberikan hadiah kepada adik.（对象）.

kata sendi nama = preposition

The teacher gives a briefing to the participants, so the preposition must mark the person who receives it. Daripada shows the source, such as receiving something from a person, while dari marks a starting place or time. Ask whether the action is given to someone or comes from somewhere.

Example: Ali menerima hadiah daripada guru shows the source; Ali memberikan hadiah kepada adik shows the receiver.

Unit 8 练习复盘 = ulang kaji Unit 8

练习后确认图文讲述有说明器材状况、影响与行动，日记次序也由准备发展到回程。seloka 题先找被批评行为，再写相反的正面教训；kata tugas 题则根据问号、语气和所需回答判断句子功能。

例子： 若时间顺序混乱，可把检查救生衣、出发、到达和回家重新排列。

Unit 8 practice review = ulang kaji Unit 8

After practice, confirm that a graphic account explains condition, effect, and action, while the diary moves from preparation to return. For seloka, identify the criticised behaviour before stating a positive lesson. For function words, use punctuation, tone, and the expected response to identify purpose.

Example: If chronology is unclear, reorder checking the life jacket, departing, arriving, and returning home.