langkah tafsiran = 解读步骤

题目问解读陈述的起点。必须先确认说话者明确表达的资料，之后才根据线索推断顺序、原因或条件；跳过字面意思会让个人猜测取代证据。

例子： 可先复述听到的关键句，再说明从中推得的含义。

interpretation step = langkah tafsiran

The question asks for the starting point of accurate interpretation. Confirm the speaker’s explicit message before inferring a sequence, reason, or condition. Skipping that step allows personal guesses to replace evidence.

Example: Restate the key sentence first, then explain what can reasonably be inferred from it.

bezakan ilmu dan nilai = 区分知识与价值观

题目要求分清可学习的做法与指导行动的态度。先看前半是否说明事实或方法，再看后半是否表达责任、尊重等价值；两者相关但不相同。

例子： 知道如何清洁器具是知识，愿意为卫生负责是价值观的实践。

distinguish knowledge and value = bezakan ilmu dan nilai

The item asks you to separate a learnable fact or practice from an attitude that guides action. Check whether the first part explains what to know or do and whether the second expresses responsibility, respect, or another value. They can be related without being identical.

Example: Knowing how to clean equipment is knowledge; taking responsibility for hygiene applies a value.

baiki imbuhan = 修正词缀

题目考查词根与规范词缀结合后的动词形式。先找词根 saksi，再检查哪一项符合标准构词和完整句法；不要只按发音相近选择。说明方法时不直接指出选项位置。

例子： 可把修改后的动词放回整句朗读，检查主语、动作和宾语是否自然。

correct an affix = baiki imbuhan

The item tests the standard verb formed from the root “saksi.” Identify the root, compare each affixed form with accepted word formation, and then read the complete sentence for grammatical flow. Similar sound alone is not sufficient.

Example: Place the revised verb back between the subject and object and test whether the whole sentence sounds natural.

hubungan gurindam = 格言诗关系

题目要求两行之间具有条件与结果或劝告关系。先看第一行是否提出行为或条件，再判断第二行是否自然说明后果；只是并列物件或日常动作并不足以形成格言意义。

例子： 围绕保护艺术，第二行可说明身份认同或传承得到维护。

gurindam relationship = hubungan gurindam

The item requires a condition-and-consequence or advice relationship between two lines. Check whether the first introduces an action or condition and whether the second follows logically as its result. Merely listing objects or daily actions does not create the reflective meaning of a gurindam.

Example: A line about preserving art may lead to a result concerning identity or continuity.

kata tanya untuk orang = 人物疑问词

题目说明预期答案是人物姓名，因此要选择专门询问“谁”的 kata tanya。先从答案类型倒推问题焦点，再排除询问原因或时间的形式。标点也应保持为问号。

例子： 若答案是 Puan Mira，问题应询问创作者是谁，而不是何时或为何。

question word for a person = kata tanya untuk orang

The expected answer is a person’s name, so select the question word that asks “who.” Work backwards from the answer type and reject forms asking for a reason or time. The sentence should also end with a question mark.

Example: If the answer is Puan Mira, the question must ask who created the work rather than when or why.

Unit 18 练习复盘 = ulang kaji Unit 18

完成练习后，检查解释是否先依据原陈述，再提出推断或建议。知识与价值要分别说明线索；编辑改动必须有语言理由。gurindam 第二行要回应第一行，疑问词则由所需答案类型决定，不能只凭句末问号判断。

例子： 若预期答案是人物姓名，应使用 Siapakah；若询问原因，则用 Mengapakah 并以完整陈述句回答。

Unit 18 practice review = ulang kaji Unit 18

After practice, check that interpretation begins with the original statement before adding an inference or suggestion. Explain separate clues for knowledge and values, and justify each edit linguistically. A gurindam’s second line must answer the first, while a question word is chosen from the required answer type rather than punctuation alone.

Example: Use “Siapakah” for a person’s name and “Mengapakah” for a reason, then answer with a matching complete statement.