fakta teks penerangan = 说明文的事实

Teks penerangan ini menggunakan banyak angka dan istilah. Soalan pertama berkaitan cara sampah dihantar ke tapak pelupusan atau insinerator, dan pencemaran yang terhasil. Soalan kedua mengumpul fakta tentang sisa makanan, kitaran hidup lalat askar hitam, jumlah sisa yang dimakan, cara lalat dewasa hidup dan nilai larvanya.

Contoh: Sisa makanan ialah empat puluh lima peratus daripada jumlah sampah.

Awas: Jangan tulis simbol peratus atau unit kerana sudah dicetak dalam ayat.

facts in an expository text = 说明文的事实

This expository text uses many numbers and terms. Question one is about sending rubbish to a landfill or an incinerator and the pollution this causes. Question two gathers facts about food waste, the black soldier fly’s life cycle, how much waste it eats, how the adult survives and what its larvae are good for.

Example: Food waste makes up forty-five percent of all rubbish.

Watch out: Do not type the percent sign or the unit, because they are already printed.

lalat rumah = 家蝇

Teks menerangkan sebab lalat askar hitam mula mendapat perhatian manusia. Lalat rumah tidak mahu larvanya bersaing dengan larva lalat askar hitam, jadi lalat rumah mengurangkan bertelur di timbunan najis tempat larva itu makan. Oleh itu, bilangan lalat rumah di situ sangat sedikit.

Contoh: Di sekitar timbunan najis itu, lalat rumah menjadi sangat kurang.

Awas: Ingat perkataan kurangkan bertelur dalam teks.

house flies = 家蝇

The text explains why people first noticed the black soldier fly. House flies do not want their larvae to compete with black soldier fly larvae, so they lay fewer eggs on the dung heaps where those larvae feed. As a result, very few house flies are found there.

Example: Around those dung heaps, house flies become very rare.

Watch out: Remember the idea of laying fewer eggs in the text.

memperkenalkan = 介绍

Bayangkan sekolah anda mahu memelihara lalat askar hitam untuk mengurus sisa makanan kantin. Tulis apa yang akan anda beritahu rakan supaya mereka tidak takut dan memahami faedahnya: serangga ini tidak membawa virus dan tidak menggigit, larvanya memakan sisa makanan, dan hasilnya boleh dijadikan makanan ikan atau baja.

Contoh: Jangan menilai lalat ini dari rupanya; ia membantu mengurangkan sampah.

Awas: Sebut sekurang-kurangnya dua faedah daripada teks.

introducing something = 介绍

Imagine your school wants to raise black soldier flies to deal with canteen food waste. Write what you would tell your schoolmates so that they are not afraid and understand the benefits: the insect carries no viruses and does not bite, its larvae eat food waste, and the results can become fish food or fertiliser.

Example: Do not judge this fly by its looks; it helps reduce rubbish.

Watch out: Mention at least two benefits taken from the text.

teka silang kata = 填字构词

Dalam setiap soalan, petak kosong ialah aksara yang sama dan mesti membentuk perkataan yang betul apabila dibaca secara mendatar dan menegak. Cuba setiap aksara dalam kotak: membakar sampah, mahir dalam sesuatu, simbol, rumah sembelih, mengunyah makanan, dan melakukan dua kerja serentak.

Contoh: fénhuà (membakar) dan fénshāo (membakar dengan api) berkongsi aksara fén.

Awas: Setiap aksara digunakan sekali sahaja.

word building = 填字构词

In each question the empty square is the same character, and it must form a real word whether you read across or down. Try each character in the box: burning rubbish, being skilled at something, a symbol, a slaughterhouse, gnawing food, and doing two jobs at once.

Example: fénhuà (incinerate) and fénshāo (burn) share the character fén.

Watch out: Each character is used once only.

aksara hampir sama = 近似字

Setiap pasangan aksara hampir sama bentuk atau bunyi. Gunakan makna ayat: hampas tauhu, alat yang menggunakan banyak elektrik, sabit untuk menuai padi, dan mengambil tempat duduk. Radikal memberi petunjuk: radikal logam untuk alat seperti sabit, dan radikal mulut untuk bunyi.

Contoh: hàodiàn bermaksud menggunakan banyak elektrik.

Awas: Aksara lián yang ada radikal logam ialah sabit, bukan murah.

look-alike characters = 近似字

Each pair of characters looks or sounds alike. Use the meaning of the sentence: soybean pulp, a machine that uses a lot of electricity, a sickle for cutting rice, and taking up a seat. Radicals help too: the metal radical marks a tool such as a sickle, and the mouth radical often marks a sound.

Example: hàodiàn means using a lot of electricity.

Watch out: The lián with the metal radical is a sickle, not the word for cheap.

kolokasi = 词语搭配

Kolokasi ialah perkataan yang lazim digunakan bersama. Baca gambaran setiap gambar, kemudian pilih perkataan yang sesuai dengan perkataan yang sudah diberi: membuka jalan baharu, membiak keturunan, sisa yang tertinggal selepas ditapis, dan kerja yang mengambil masa lama serta memenatkan.

Contoh: kāipì xīn dàolù bermaksud membuka jalan baharu.

Awas: Setiap perkataan digunakan sekali sahaja.

collocations = 词语搭配

Collocations are words that naturally go together. Read the description of each picture, then choose the word that fits the word already given: opening up a new road, producing the next generation, the bits left behind after filtering, and work that takes a long time and a lot of effort.

Example: kāipì xīn dàolù means to open up a new road.

Watch out: Each word is used once only.

beza makna = 词语辨析

Setiap pasangan perkataan berkongsi satu aksara tetapi maknanya berbeza. Zīliào ialah maklumat atau bahan rujukan, manakala zīyuán ialah sumber alam seperti hutan dan minyak. Jiāngù bermaksud menguruskan dua perkara serentak, zhàogù bermaksud menjaga seseorang. Fúhào ialah simbol, fúhé bermaksud memenuhi syarat.

Contoh: Mencari zīliào di internet; minyak ialah zīyuán semula jadi.

Awas: Gantikan setiap pilihan ke dalam ayat dan baca semula.

telling words apart = 词语辨析

Each pair shares a character but has a different meaning. Zīliào is information or reference material, while zīyuán is a natural resource such as forests or oil. Jiāngù means handling two things at once, and zhàogù means looking after someone. Fúhào is a symbol, and fúhé means meeting a requirement.

Example: Search for zīliào online; oil is a natural zīyuán.

Watch out: Put each option into the sentence and read it again.

sebutan zhàn dan pì = 占与辟的读音

Aksara zhàn bermaksud menduduki atau merampas, tetapi dibaca zhān apabila bermaksud menilik nasib. Aksara pì bermaksud membuka atau menolak, seperti menafikan khabar angin, tetapi dibaca bì dalam perkataan yang bermaksud menghalau perkara buruk, iaitu bìxié yang dipercayai menjauhkan nasib malang.

Contoh: zhānguà ialah menilik nasib, bàzhàn ialah merampas.

Awas: Fikirkan makna perkataan sebelum memilih sebutan.

readings of zhàn and pì = 占与辟的读音

This character is read zhàn when it means to occupy or seize, but zhān when it means to tell fortunes. The other character is read pì when it means to open up or to refute, as in denying a rumour, but bì in the word bìxié, which means keeping bad luck or evil away.

Example: zhānguà is fortune-telling, bàzhàn is seizing by force.

Watch out: Work out the meaning of the word before choosing the reading.

koma bertitik = 分号与顿号

Koma senarai digunakan antara perkataan yang setara dalam satu senarai, tetapi tidak diletakkan sebelum perkataan dan pada hujung senarai. Koma bertitik memisahkan dua klausa yang setara dan sama strukturnya. Ia tidak memisahkan perkataan dalam senarai, dan tidak digunakan sebelum klausa sebab atau pertentangan.

Contoh: Apabila cerah kami bermain bola; apabila hujan kami bermain catur.

Awas: Jangan letak koma senarai sebelum perkataan dan.

semicolon and list comma = 分号与顿号

The list comma goes between equal words in a list, but not before the word and at the end of the list. The semicolon separates two equal clauses with a similar structure. It does not separate words in a list, and it is not used before a clause of reason or contrast.

Example: When it is sunny we play ball; when it rains we play chess.

Watch out: Never put a list comma right before the word and.