kebajikan haiwan = 动物福利

Dalam perbincangan ini, murid memberi pendapat tentang haiwan yang dilatih untuk membuat persembahan, seperti gajah dan harimau. Nyatakan pendapat anda, beri sebab yang jelas, kemudian dengar pandangan rakan yang berbeza dengan hormat.

Contoh: Saya rasa gajah tidak patut dipaksa berdiri di atas kaki depan kerana latihan itu boleh mencederakannya.

Awas: Sokong pendapat dengan sebab; jangan hanya berkata setuju atau tidak setuju.

animal welfare = 动物福利

In this discussion pupils share their views on animals trained to perform, such as elephants and tigers. State your opinion, give a clear reason, and then listen respectfully to classmates who think differently.

Example: I think elephants should not be forced to do handstands because the training can hurt them.

Watch out: Back up your opinion with a reason instead of only saying yes or no.

unjuran hologram = 全息投影

Teks ini menceritakan Emma dan keluarganya menonton sarkas Roncalli di bandar Lübeck, utara Jerman. Sarkas itu terkenal dengan persembahan haiwan, tetapi penonton moden semakin kurang berminat. Pengasasnya mula menggunakan unjuran hologram berdefinisi tinggi untuk menggantikan haiwan sebenar.

Contoh: Seekor gajah yang kelihatan hidup di pentas sebenarnya hanyalah imej cahaya yang direka dengan teknologi.

Awas: Ingat sebab perubahan: menarik minat penonton moden dan memberi pengalaman deria yang lebih kaya.

holographic projection = 全息投影

Emma and her family visit the Roncalli circus in Lübeck, northern Germany. The circus was once famous for its animal acts, but modern audiences were losing interest. Its founder began using high-definition holograms to replace real animals on stage.

Example: An elephant that looks alive on stage is really an image of light designed with technology.

Watch out: Remember the reasons for the change: to attract modern audiences and give them a richer sensory experience.

cari sebab = 找原因

Kembali ke perenggan yang menerangkan sejarah sarkas itu. Teks menyatakan bahawa sarkas tradisional semakin kurang popular, lalu pengasasnya mencari kejayaan baharu supaya penonton moden lebih tertarik dan menikmati pengalaman deria yang lebih kaya.

Contoh: Perkataan wèile dalam teks memperkenalkan tujuan perubahan itu.

Awas: Haiwan melarikan diri atau peraturan kerajaan tidak disebut langsung.

find the reason = 找原因

Go back to the paragraph about the circus history. It says traditional circuses were becoming less popular, so the founder looked for a breakthrough that would appeal to modern audiences and give them a richer sensory experience.

Example: The word wèile in the text introduces the purpose of the change.

Watch out: Escaped animals and government rules are never mentioned.

urutan persembahan = 表演顺序

Teks disusun mengikut urutan persembahan. Separuh pertama ialah unjuran: kuda emas berlari, gajah Afrika berdiri di atas kaki depan, dan ikan tropika berenang di sekeliling pentas. Kemudian badut sebenar muncul dan pemain akrobatik membuat aksi berbahaya.

Contoh: Badut pertama hanyalah imej, tetapi lampu kemudian menyuluh badut sebenar di lorong penonton.

Awas: Perhatikan reaksi penonton yang membantu pembaca merasa seperti berada di situ.

order of the acts = 表演顺序

The text follows the order of the show. The first half is projection: golden horses gallop, an African elephant does a handstand, and tropical fish swim around the stage. Then a real clown appears and acrobats perform dangerous stunts.

Example: The first clown is only an image, but then a spotlight lands on a real clown in the aisle.

Watch out: Notice how the audience reactions help readers feel they are there too.

nyata atau unjuran = 真人与投影

Bahagian akhir teks memberitahu bahawa persembahan seterusnya bukan lagi unjuran. Ia ialah akrobatik oleh manusia, termasuk berputar terbalik, balik kuang ke belakang dan aksi di udara. Haiwan dalam pertunjukan ini semuanya imej teknologi.

Contoh: Ikan tropika dan gajah tidak benar-benar berada di atas pentas.

Awas: Jangan terkeliru kerana haiwan itu kelihatan sangat hidup.

real or projected = 真人与投影

Near the end the text says the next part is no longer projection. It is acrobatics by real people, including spinning handstands, backflips and high-air acts. Every animal in this show is a technological image.

Example: The tropical fish and the elephant are not physically on stage.

Watch out: Do not be fooled because the animals look so lifelike.

perubahan perasaan = 心情变化

Perasaan Emma berubah sepanjang cerita. Sebelum pertunjukan dia teruja dan menjenguk ke pintu masuk. Semasa pertunjukan dia terpegun dan ketawa tanpa henti. Selepas itu dia berpuas hati dan sedar bahawa tradisi perlu berani berubah mengikut zaman.

Contoh: Emma memanjangkan leher melihat ke pintu masuk kerana tidak sabar.

Awas: Setiap perasaan perlu disokong dengan bukti daripada teks.

change of feelings = 心情变化

Emma’s feelings change through the story. Before the show she is eager and cranes her neck towards the entrance. During it she is amazed and cannot stop smiling. Afterwards she is satisfied and realises that traditions must dare to change with the times.

Example: Emma stretches her neck towards the entrance because she cannot wait.

Watch out: Back up each feeling with evidence from the text.

pengajaran = 领悟

Soalan ini meminta apa yang Emma fahami di akhir cerita. Baca ayat terakhir: dia berfikir bahawa sarkas tradisional mesti berani berinovasi dan bergerak seiring zaman supaya tidak ditenggelamkan oleh arus masa.

Contoh: Sebuah kedai lama yang mula menjual dalam talian juga sedang bergerak seiring zaman.

Awas: Pilihan tentang haiwan lebih comel bukan pengajaran yang dinyatakan.

the insight = 领悟

The question asks what Emma understands at the end. Read the final sentence: she thinks traditional circuses must innovate boldly and keep up with the times, or the flood of time will sweep them away.

Example: An old shop that starts selling online is also keeping up with the times.

Watch out: Saying projected animals are cuter is not the lesson the text gives.

perkataan baharu = 生字新词

Senarai ini mengandungi perkataan baharu daripada cerita sarkas. Tujuh aksara bertanda huì xiě perlu dapat ditulis. Dua aksara xiá berbunyi sama tetapi berlainan: satu bermaksud sempit dengan radikal anjing, satu lagi bermaksud masa lapang dengan radikal matahari.

Contoh: Mù bù xiá jǐ bermaksud terlalu banyak benda menarik sehingga mata tidak sempat melihat semuanya.

Awas: Dalam perkataan lucu huájī, suku kata kedua biasanya dibaca ringan.

new words = 生字新词

This list gives the new words from the circus story. Seven characters marked huì xiě must be written. Two characters read xiá sound the same but differ: one means narrow and has the dog radical, the other means free time and has the sun radical.

Example: Mù bù xiá jǐ means there are so many wonderful things that your eyes cannot take them all in.

Watch out: In huájī (funny), the second syllable is usually read in the neutral tone.

aksara pelbagai sebutan = 多音字

Aksara ping mempunyai tiga sebutan. Nada kedua digunakan untuk skrin dan penghadang. Nada pertama hanya muncul dalam satu ungkapan lama yang bermaksud takut dan gementar. Nada ketiga bermaksud menahan sesuatu atau membuang sesuatu.

Contoh: Píngmù ialah skrin, tetapi bǐng zhù hūxī bermaksud menahan nafas.

Awas: Merak mengembangkan ekor dibaca kǒngquè kāi píng, bukan bǐng.

polyphonic character = 多音字

The character ping has three readings. Second tone is used for screens and folding partitions. First tone appears only in one old expression meaning fearful and trembling. Third tone means to hold something back or to get rid of something.

Example: Píngmù is a screen, but bǐng zhù hūxī means to hold your breath.

Watch out: A peacock spreading its tail is kǒngquè kāi píng, not bǐng.

sebutan ikut makna = 按意思定读音

Penyelam itu menahan nafasnya sebelum menyelam. Makna menahan atau menyekat sesuatu menggunakan nada ketiga. Skrin dan penghadang menggunakan nada kedua, manakala nada pertama hanya untuk ungkapan surat lama.

Contoh: Bǐngqì níngshén bermaksud menahan nafas dan memusatkan perhatian.

Awas: Jangan baca píng hanya kerana sebutan itu paling biasa.

reading by meaning = 按意思定读音

The diver holds his breath before going under. The meaning of holding back or suppressing something takes the third tone. Screens and partitions take the second tone, and the first tone is only for an old letter-writing phrase.

Example: Bǐngqì níngshén means holding your breath and focusing hard.

Watch out: Do not choose píng just because it is the most common reading.

simpulan bahasa = 成语

Kebanyakan chengyu dalam teks berkaitan dengan cara menonton. Ada yang menerangkan memandang ke sana sini, menumpukan mata tanpa berkelip, terlalu banyak benda untuk dilihat, dan merasa seperti berada di tempat itu. Dua ungkapan harian pula menggambarkan gembira dan cemas.

Contoh: Penonton niē yī bǎ lěng hàn ketika pemain akrobatik berjalan di atas tali tinggi.

Awas: Mù bù zhuǎn jīng ialah fokus pada satu benda, mù bù xiá jǐ ialah terlalu banyak benda.

idioms and sayings = 成语与俗语

Most idioms in this text are about ways of watching. Some describe looking around, staring without blinking, having too much to see, and feeling as if you were really there. Two everyday sayings describe great joy and great tension.

Example: The audience niē yī bǎ lěng hàn while the acrobat walks the high wire.

Watch out: Mù bù zhuǎn jīng is fixing your eyes on one thing; mù bù xiá jǐ is having too many things to look at.

bezakan chengyu mata = 辨析成语

Ketiga-tiga pilihan berkaitan dengan mata, jadi baca situasi dengan teliti. Ming melihat ratusan jenis bunga dan matanya tidak sempat melihat semuanya. Yang diperlukan ialah chengyu tentang terlalu banyak perkara untuk dilihat.

Contoh: Pameran yang penuh dengan barang menarik membuatkan pengunjung mù bù xiá jǐ.

Awas: Merenung satu benda atau menjenguk ke sana sini tidak tepat di sini.

telling eye idioms apart = 辨析成语

All three options are about eyes, so read the situation carefully. Ming sees hundreds of kinds of flowers and his eyes cannot keep up. The idiom needed is about having too many things to look at.

Example: A fair full of amazing displays leaves visitors mù bù xiá jǐ.

Watch out: Staring at one thing or glancing around does not fit here.

teka-teki aksara = 字谜

Teka-teki aksara dijawab dengan memecahkan petunjuk kepada bahagian aksara, kemudian menggabungkannya semula. Contohnya, ambil bahagian kiri aksara bercakap dan bahagian kanan aksara memukul, lalu cantumkan menjadi aksara tempah. Keempat-empat jawapan ialah aksara baharu pelajaran ini.

Contoh: Cuti tanpa orang ialah aksara jia tanpa radikal orang, kemudian ditambah matahari menjadi xiá.

Awas: Baca setiap perkataan dalam petunjuk kerana semuanya memberi bahagian aksara.

character riddles = 字谜

A character riddle is solved by breaking the clue into character parts and putting them back together. For example, take the left side of the word for speak and the right side of the word for hit, and join them into the character for book or reserve. All four answers are new characters from this lesson.

Example: Holiday with no person means the character jia without its person radical, plus the sun, giving xiá.

Watch out: Read every word in the clue, because each one supplies a piece.

selesaikan teka-teki = 解字谜

Pecahkan petunjuk kepada dua bahagian. Bahagian bercakap memberi radikal perkataan di sebelah kiri. Bahagian memukul memberi komponen ding di sebelah kanan. Gabungkan kedua-duanya untuk mendapat aksara dalam perkataan menempah tiket.

Contoh: Radikal perkataan ditambah ding menjadi dìng seperti dalam yùdìng.

Awas: Jawapan bukan sekadar mengulang perkataan dalam petunjuk.

solve the riddle = 解字谜

Split the clue into two halves. The speaking half gives the speech radical on the left. The hitting half gives the ding component on the right. Join them to get the character used in booking tickets.

Example: Speech radical plus ding gives dìng, as in yùdìng.

Watch out: The answer is not simply a word repeated from the clue.

hiperbola dan personifikasi = 夸张与拟人

Hiperbola sengaja membesarkan atau mengecilkan sesuatu untuk menguatkan kesan. Dalam teks, penonton seolah-olah masuk ke dunia dongeng dalam sekelip mata. Personifikasi pula membuat haiwan bertindak seperti manusia, contohnya gajah melambai dengan belalainya untuk menyapa penonton.

Contoh: Masa berlalu dalam sekelip mata ialah hiperbola tentang masa.

Awas: Personifikasi memberi sifat manusia kepada benda; jenis sebaliknya memberi sifat benda kepada manusia.

hyperbole and personification = 夸张与拟人

Hyperbole deliberately exaggerates or shrinks something to strengthen the effect. In the text, viewers seem to enter a fairy-tale world in an instant. Personification makes an animal act like a person, for example the elephant greeting the audience with its trunk.

Example: Saying time flew by in the blink of an eye is hyperbole about time.

Watch out: Personification gives objects human traits; the reverse gives people traits of things.

kenal pasti gaya bahasa = 辨别修辞

Loceng angin ialah benda, tetapi ayat ini mengatakan ia menyanyi dan menyambut kepulangan penulis. Menyanyi dan menyambut ialah perbuatan manusia, jadi ayat ini memberi sifat manusia kepada benda. Tiada perkara yang dibesar-besarkan dan tiada perkataan diulang.

Contoh: Bunyi loceng angin digambarkan seperti lagu yang mengalu-alukan seseorang.

Awas: Hiperbola memerlukan sesuatu yang dilebih-lebihkan, bukan sekadar perbuatan manusia.

identify the device = 辨别修辞

A wind chime is an object, yet this sentence says it sings and welcomes the writer home. Singing and welcoming are human actions, so the sentence gives an object human qualities. Nothing is exaggerated and no words are repeated.

Example: The chime’s tinkling is described as a song of welcome.

Watch out: Hyperbole needs something overstated, not just a human action.

hubungan syarat = 条件关系

Pasangan kata hubung zhǐyǒu dan cái menunjukkan hubungan syarat. Bahagian pertama menyatakan syarat yang mesti dipenuhi, manakala bahagian kedua menyatakan hasil yang hanya berlaku jika syarat itu ada. Tanpa syarat tersebut, hasil itu tidak akan berlaku.

Contoh: Zhǐyǒu berlatih setiap hari, kemahiran bermain piano saya cái akan meningkat.

Awas: Letakkan cái selepas subjek bahagian kedua, bukan pada awal ayat.

condition relationship = 条件关系

The pair zhǐyǒu … cái shows a condition. The first part states the condition that must be met, and the second part states the result that happens only when that condition is present. Without it, the result will not happen.

Example: Zhǐyǒu I practise every day will my piano playing cái improve.

Watch out: Place cái after the subject of the second part, not at the very start.

pilih kata hubung = 选关联词

Bahagian pertama, banyak membaca, ialah syarat. Bahagian kedua, pengetahuan semakin luas, ialah hasilnya. Pilih pasangan kata hubung yang menunjukkan syarat dan hasil. Pasangan lain menunjukkan pertentangan atau sebab dan akibat.

Contoh: Zhǐyǒu banyak membaca, pengetahuan kita cái bertambah.

Awas: Suīrán dan dànshì digunakan apabila dua bahagian bertentangan.

choose the connective = 选关联词

The first part, reading a lot, is a condition. The second part, knowledge growing richer, is the result. Choose the pair that shows condition and result. The other pairs show contrast or cause and effect.

Example: Zhǐyǒu we read widely does our knowledge cái grow.

Watch out: Suīrán … dànshì is used when the two parts contrast.

kaligrafi berus = 书法

Murid menyalin tiga aksara daripada buku contoh kaligrafi dengan berus. Ketiga-tiganya berstruktur atas dan bawah. Bahagian atas perlu ditulis lebih leper dan rapat supaya bahagian bawah mempunyai ruang, dan garisan mendatar mesti seimbang.

Contoh: Dalam aksara wàng, bahagian bawah mempunyai garisan mendatar yang perlu ditulis rata dan stabil.

Awas: Perhatikan permulaan, pergerakan dan penamat setiap sapuan berus sebelum menulis.

brush calligraphy = 书法

Pupils copy three characters from a model calligraphy book with a brush. All three have a top-and-bottom structure. The upper part should be flatter and compact so the lower part has room, and horizontal strokes must stay level.

Example: In the character wàng, the bottom part has horizontal strokes that must be flat and steady.

Watch out: Study how each stroke starts, moves and ends before you put brush to paper.

karangan naratif = 记叙文

Tulis karangan naratif tentang satu persembahan yang meninggalkan kesan mendalam. Bahagikan perjalanan acara kepada beberapa perenggan. Huraikan dengan terperinci gerak-geri pemain dan reaksi penonton supaya pembaca berasa seolah-olah turut berada di situ.

Contoh: Peniru suara itu meniru bunyi haiwan dengan sangat tepat sehingga penonton terpegun.

Awas: Jangan senaraikan semua acara dengan ringkas; pilih dua atau tiga yang paling menarik.

narrative essay = 记叙文

Write a narrative about a performance that impressed you. Split the sequence of events into several paragraphs. Describe the performers’ movements and the audience’s reactions in detail so readers feel as if they were there too.

Example: The mimic copied animal sounds so exactly that the whole audience was amazed.

Watch out: Do not list every act briefly; choose the two or three most exciting ones.

ringkasan pelajaran = 本课小结

Pelajaran ini membincangkan sarkas yang menggantikan haiwan dengan hologram, perubahan perasaan Emma, perkataan baharu, sebutan ping, chengyu tentang menonton, teka-teki aksara, hiperbola, personifikasi, kata hubung syarat, kaligrafi dan cara menulis karangan tentang persembahan.

Contoh: Jika masih keliru tentang zhǐyǒu dan cái, cuba bina dua ayat syarat sendiri.

Awas: Latihan seterusnya merangkumi semua bahagian, jadi semak semula skrin yang sukar.

lesson summary = 本课小结

This lesson covered a circus that swapped animals for holograms, Emma’s changing feelings, new words, the readings of ping, idioms about watching, character riddles, hyperbole, personification, the condition connective, calligraphy and writing about a performance.

Example: If zhǐyǒu … cái still feels unclear, try making two condition sentences of your own.

Watch out: The practice page covers every part, so review any screen you found hard.