seni tradisional = 传统技艺

Setiap kaum di negara kita mempunyai seni tradisional sendiri, seperti alat muzik, tarian, permainan dan kraf tangan. Cari maklumat di internet, catat ciri setiap seni, kemudian ceritakan seni yang paling ingin anda pelajari dan berikan sebab yang jelas supaya rakan memahami pilihan anda.

Contoh: Saya ingin belajar tarian buluh kerana ia melatih rentak dan kepantasan kaki.

Awas: Jawapan yang baik menyatakan pilihan dan sebabnya, bukan nama seni sahaja.

traditional arts = 传统技艺

Every community in our country has its own traditional arts, such as musical instruments, dances, games and handicrafts. Search for information online, note the features of each art, then say which one you would most like to learn and give a clear reason so classmates understand your choice.

Example: I want to learn the bamboo dance because it trains rhythm and quick footwork.

Watch out: A good answer gives both the choice and the reason, not just the name of an art.

teks dialog = 对话体

Teks ini ditulis dalam bentuk perbualan antara dua sahabat. Nama penutur diikuti tanda titik bertindih, kemudian kata-katanya. Melalui soalan seorang dan jawapan seorang lagi, kita mengetahui bagaimana seorang murid keturunan India di sekolah Cina jatuh minat terhadap permainan diabolo tradisional.

Contoh: Kě xīn bertanya cara rakannya mula berminat, dan Tǎ shā menjawab dengan menceritakan pengalamannya.

Awas: Tajuk menyebut makhluk ajaib, tetapi sebenarnya ia ialah gelendong diabolo.

dialogue text = 对话体

This text is written as a conversation between two friends. Each speaker’s name is followed by a colon and then their words. Through one girl’s questions and the other’s answers, we learn how an Indian pupil at a Chinese school came to love the traditional diabolo.

Example: Kě xīn asks how her friend became interested, and Tǎ shā answers by telling her story.

Watch out: The title mentions a spirit, but it really means the spinning diabolo.

urutan pengalaman = 学习经过

Pengalaman Tǎ shā boleh disusun mengikut masa: mula berminat selepas menonton persembahan, menyertai pasukan sekolah, belajar asas, menghadapi kegagalan, berjaya menguasai gerakan, dan akhirnya membuat refleksi serta menetapkan cita-cita. Jadual membantu kita melihat perubahan dirinya.

Contoh: Pada mulanya diabolo selalu jatuh, tetapi selepas dua bulan dia menguasai gerakan asas.

Awas: Jangan lompat terus kepada pertandingan; asas mesti dipelajari dahulu.

sequence of experience = 学习经过

Tǎ shā’s story can be arranged by time: becoming interested after a show, joining the school team, learning the basics, facing failure, mastering the moves, and finally reflecting and setting a goal. The table helps us see how she changed along the way.

Example: At first the diabolo kept falling, but after two months she had mastered the basic moves.

Watch out: Do not jump straight to competitions; the basics come first.

langkah pertama = 第一步

Soalan ini bertanya perkara pertama yang dipelajari oleh ahli baharu pasukan diabolo. Dalam perbualan, Tǎ shā menjelaskan bahawa mereka mesti menguasai cara menggerakkan diabolo seperti melambung, melilit dan memusing sebelum jurulatih mengajar gerakan bernama.

Contoh: Gerakan seperti semut memanjat pokok diajar selepas pelajar mempunyai asas yang kukuh.

Awas: Pertandingan antarabangsa ialah impian masa depannya, bukan langkah pertama.

the first step = 第一步

The question asks what a new member of the diabolo team learns first. In the conversation, Tǎ shā explains that they must master moving the diabolo, such as tossing, winding and spinning, before the coach teaches the named tricks.

Example: Tricks such as the ant climbing the tree are taught only after pupils have a solid foundation.

Watch out: An international championship is her future dream, not her first step.

sifat watak = 人物性格

Kita mengenal sifat seseorang melalui tindakan dan kata-katanya. Tǎ shā terus berlatih walaupun diabolo sering jatuh dan tangannya sakit, menunjukkan dia tabah dan tidak mudah mengalah. Kepercayaan bahawa usaha boleh menampung kelemahan menunjukkan dia rajin, dan impiannya ke peringkat antarabangsa menunjukkan cita-cita tinggi.

Contoh: Berlatih pada masa lapang walaupun lengan sakit ialah bukti ketabahan.

Awas: Setiap sifat mesti disokong oleh bukti daripada teks.

character traits = 人物性格

We learn what a person is like from what she does and says. Tǎ shā keeps practising even though the diabolo often falls and her arms ache, which shows she is determined and does not give up easily. Believing that effort can make up for weakness shows she is hard-working, and her dream of competing internationally shows high ambition.

Example: Practising in her free time despite sore arms is evidence of her determination.

Watch out: Every trait you name must be backed by evidence from the text.

usaha menampung kelemahan = 勤能补拙

Tǎ shā sendiri berkata dia percaya kerajinan boleh menampung kekurangan. Dia tidak menyebut bakat semula jadi atau layanan istimewa daripada jurulatih. Oleh itu, kejayaannya yang cepat datang daripada latihan yang tekun pada setiap masa lapang.

Contoh: Murid yang lemah dalam matematik boleh maju jika berlatih setiap hari, sama seperti Tǎ shā.

Awas: Pilih jawapan yang disokong oleh kata-kata watak itu sendiri.

diligence makes up for weakness = 勤能补拙

Tǎ shā herself says she believes hard work can make up for what one lacks. She never mentions natural talent or special treatment from the coach. So her fast progress comes from steady practice in every spare moment.

Example: A pupil weak in maths can improve by practising every day, just like Tǎ shā.

Watch out: Choose the answer supported by the character’s own words.

perkataan baharu = 生字新词

Senarai ini mengandungi perkataan baharu daripada perbualan tentang diabolo bersama pinyin aksara baharu. Sembilan aksara bertanda huì xiě mesti boleh ditulis. Banyak perkataan menerangkan latihan dan kejayaan, seperti otot, kasar, kegagalan, kejohanan dan cita-cita besar.

Contoh: Cū cāo bermaksud kasar, seperti tapak tangan Tǎ shā selepas lama berlatih.

Awas: Aksara cāo sering tersilap dibaca zào; ingat radikal beras di sebelah kiri.

new words = 生字新词

This list contains the new words from the diabolo conversation with pinyin for each new character. The nine characters marked huì xiě must be written from memory. Many of the words describe training and success, such as muscles, rough, setback, championship and a grand ambition.

Example: Cū cāo means rough, like Tǎ shā’s palms after long practice.

Watch out: Cāo is often misread as zào; remember the rice radical on the left.

aksara serupa dan sebunyi = 近似字与同音字

Aksara serupa mempunyai bentuk hampir sama tetapi makna berbeza, jadi perhatikan radikalnya. Aksara sebunyi pula dibaca sama tetapi ditulis berlainan. Bina perkataan untuk setiap aksara supaya tidak tertukar apabila menulis ayat.

Contoh: Còu qián bermaksud mengumpul wang bersama, manakala yǎn zòu bermaksud memainkan muzik.

Awas: Huī dengan radikal tangan bermaksud melambai, bukan bersinar.

look-alike and same-sound characters = 近似字与同音字

Look-alike characters have nearly the same shape but different meanings, so check the radical. Same-sound characters are read alike but written differently. Build a word for each one so you do not mix them up when writing sentences.

Example: Còu qián means pooling money together, while yǎn zòu means performing music.

Watch out: Huī with the hand radical means to wave, not to shine.

pilih aksara tepat = 选对字

Ayat ini tentang pancaragam sekolah yang memainkan lagu kebangsaan dengan alat muzik. Perkataan untuk persembahan muzik ialah yǎn zòu. Aksara còu bermaksud mengumpul atau mendekati, manakala aksara dengan radikal tangan bermaksud memukul orang, jadi kedua-duanya tidak sesuai.

Contoh: Pancaragam itu yǎn zòu lagu Negaraku dengan penuh semangat.

Awas: Ketiga-tiga pilihan mempunyai bahagian kanan yang sama; bezakan bahagian kiri.

choosing the right character = 选对字

The sentence is about the school band playing the national anthem on instruments. The word for performing music is yǎn zòu. The character còu means to gather or move closer, and the one with the hand radical means to hit someone, so neither fits.

Example: The band yǎn zòu the national anthem with great spirit.

Watch out: All three choices share a similar part; look at what is added on the left.

simpulan bahasa = 成语

Ungkapan dalam teks ini banyak menggambarkan semangat belajar. Ada yang bermaksud bertahan sekuat hati, ada yang bermaksud usaha menampung kelemahan, dan ada yang menerangkan orang lain mula memandang kita dengan cara baharu. Satu ungkapan juga menjadi nama gerakan diabolo.

Contoh: Selepas markahnya naik banyak, guru guā mù xiāng kàn terhadap murid itu.

Awas: Mén wài hàn ialah orang yang belum tahu apa-apa, bukan orang di luar pintu.

idioms = 成语

The idioms in this text mostly describe the spirit of learning. Some mean holding on with all your strength, some mean effort making up for weakness, and one describes others starting to see you in a new light. One idiom is even the name of a diabolo trick.

Example: After his marks rose sharply, the teacher guā mù xiāng kàn the pupil.

Watch out: Mén wài hàn means a complete beginner, not someone standing outside a door.

pandangan baharu = 刮目相看

Ayat ini menceritakan abang yang dahulu selalu lewat tetapi kini datang paling awal dan dipilih sebagai murid contoh. Guru-guru mengubah tanggapan lama mereka. Ungkapan yang bermaksud memandang seseorang dengan mata baharu paling sesuai di sini.

Contoh: Pasukan kecil yang menang kejohanan membuat semua orang guā mù xiāng kàn.

Awas: Jīn chán tuō qiào bermaksud melarikan diri dengan helah, dan mén wài hàn bukan ungkapan untuk perasaan guru.

seeing someone anew = 刮目相看

The sentence tells of an older brother who used to be late but now arrives earliest and is chosen as a model pupil. The teachers change their old opinion of him. The phrase meaning to look at someone with new eyes fits best.

Example: A small team that wins the championship makes everyone guā mù xiāng kàn.

Watch out: Jīn chán tuō qiào means escaping by a trick, and mén wài hàn does not describe the teachers’ view.

kata hubung berpasangan = 关联词

Pasangan bùdàn … yě atau hái menambah perkara kedua yang lebih tinggi tahapnya daripada yang pertama. Pasangan jǐnguǎn … réng pula mengakui satu kesukaran atau fakta, kemudian menyatakan hasil yang tetap tidak berubah. Pilih pasangan mengikut hubungan antara dua bahagian ayat.

Contoh: Jǐnguǎn hujan lebat, datuk réng bersenam di taman tepat pada masanya.

Awas: Jangan gabungkan bùdàn dengan réng; pasangan mesti lengkap dan betul.

paired connectives = 关联词

The pair bùdàn … yě or hái adds a second point that goes a step further than the first. The pair jǐnguǎn … réng admits a difficulty or fact, then states a result that stays the same anyway. Choose the pair by looking at how the two halves of the sentence relate.

Example: Jǐnguǎn it is pouring, Grandpa réng exercises in the park on time.

Watch out: Do not mix bùdàn with réng; each pair must be complete and correct.

hubungan pertentangan = 转折关系

Bahagian pertama ayat menyatakan soalan matematik itu sukar, dan bahagian kedua menyatakan Ah Ming terus mencuba sehingga berjaya. Kesukaran tidak menghentikan tindakannya, jadi hubungan ini ialah pertentangan. Pasangan yang mengakui kesukaran lalu menunjukkan usaha tetap diteruskan paling sesuai.

Contoh: Jǐnguǎn kakinya sakit, dia réng menamatkan larian itu.

Awas: Ayat ini bukan tentang sebab dan akibat, dan tiada perkara kedua yang lebih tinggi tahapnya.

contrast relationship = 转折关系

The first half says the maths problem is hard, and the second half says Ah Ming keeps trying until he succeeds. The difficulty does not stop him, so the relationship is contrast. The pair that admits a difficulty and then shows the effort continuing fits best.

Example: Jǐnguǎn his leg hurt, he réng finished the race.

Watch out: This is not cause and effect, and there is no second point that goes a step further.

perubahan bunyi a = 啊的音变

Partikel a di hujung ayat berubah bunyi mengikut bunyi akhir suku kata sebelumnya. Selepas bunyi n, ia menjadi na. Selepas u, ao, iao atau ou, ia menjadi wa. Selepas a, e, i, o atau ü, ia menjadi ya. Perubahan ini menjadikan bacaan lebih lancar.

Contoh: Dāng rán yǒu a dibaca yǒu wa kerana yǒu berakhir dengan bunyi u.

Awas: Tengok bunyi terakhir pinyin, bukan bentuk aksara sebelumnya.

sound change of a = 啊的音变

The particle a at the end of a sentence changes its sound according to how the syllable before it ends. After n it becomes na. After u, ao, iao or ou it becomes wa. After a, e, i, o or ü it becomes ya. These changes make speech flow smoothly.

Example: Dāng rán yǒu a is read yǒu wa because yǒu ends with a u sound.

Watch out: Check the last sound of the pinyin, not the shape of the character before it.

bunyi akhir n = 韵尾 n

Aksara sebelum partikel a dibaca kàn, dan bunyi terakhirnya ialah n. Mengikut peraturan, partikel a selepas bunyi n dibaca na. Bunyi wa digunakan selepas u atau ao, manakala ya digunakan selepas vokal seperti a, i dan ü.

Contoh: Hǎo tián a juga dibaca tián na kerana tián berakhir dengan n.

Awas: Jangan teka berdasarkan perasaan ayat; ikut bunyi akhir pinyin.

final sound n = 韵尾 n

The character before the particle is read kàn, and its last sound is n. By the rule, a after an n sound is read na. The sound wa follows u or ao, and ya follows vowels such as a, i and ü.

Example: Hǎo tián a is also read tián na because tián ends in n.

Watch out: Do not guess from the feeling of the sentence; follow the final pinyin sound.

menyalin kaligrafi = 临摹字帖

Menyalin kaligrafi bermaksud meniru tulisan berus seorang ahli kaligrafi terkenal dengan teliti. Perhatikan struktur aksara terlebih dahulu, sama ada kiri tengah kanan atau kiri kanan, kemudian tulis satu demi satu sapuan. Bahagian yang sempit dan luas mesti seimbang supaya aksara kelihatan cantik.

Contoh: Aksara jiē terdiri daripada dua bahagian luar yang mengapit dua aksara tanah di tengah.

Awas: Pegang berus secara tegak dan duduk dengan betul sebelum mula menulis.

copying model calligraphy = 临摹字帖

Copying calligraphy means carefully imitating the brushwork of a famous calligrapher. First study the structure of the character, whether left-middle-right or left-right, then write it stroke by stroke. Narrow and wide parts must balance so the character looks graceful.

Example: The character jiē has two outer parts holding two earth components in the middle.

Watch out: Hold the brush upright and sit properly before you start.

aktiviti budaya = 文化活动

Pilih satu aktiviti budaya seperti tarian singa, guntingan kertas atau gasing, kemudian cari maklumat tentang cara ia dijalankan dan manfaatnya. Terangkan langkah-langkah dengan kata urutan seperti pertama, kemudian, selepas itu dan akhirnya supaya pembaca mudah mengikut.

Contoh: Untuk bermain gasing, lilit tali dengan ketat, lontar gasing ke tanah, dan biarkan ia berpusing lama.

Awas: Jangan lupa menulis manfaat aktiviti, seperti melatih kesabaran dan koordinasi mata dengan tangan.

cultural activity = 文化活动

Choose a cultural activity such as the lion dance, paper cutting or top spinning, then research how it is done and what it is good for. Explain the steps with order words such as first, next, then and finally so readers can follow easily.

Example: To spin a top, wind the string tightly, throw the top at the ground and let it spin for as long as possible.

Watch out: Remember to write the benefits, such as building patience and hand-eye coordination.

ringkasan pelajaran = 本课小结

Pelajaran ini mengisahkan seorang murid keturunan India yang gigih belajar diabolo, menunjukkan perpaduan dan semangat tidak mudah mengalah. Kita juga mempelajari aksara baharu, aksara serupa, ungkapan tentang usaha, dua pasangan kata hubung, perubahan bunyi a dan cara menyalin kaligrafi.

Contoh: Jika masih keliru antara na dan wa, ulang kaji skrin perubahan bunyi sebelum membuat latihan.

Awas: Latihan mungkin meminta anda menyatakan sifat watak bersama bukti.

lesson summary = 本课小结

This lesson told of an Indian pupil who worked hard to master the diabolo, showing unity and a never-give-up spirit. We also learned new characters, look-alike characters, idioms about effort, two pairs of connectives, the sound change of a and how to copy calligraphy.

Example: If na and wa still confuse you, review the sound change screen before practising.

Watch out: The practice may ask you to name a character trait together with evidence.