pemeliharaan dan pemuliharaan = 保护与复育

Dalam buku teks Cina, istilah pertama bermaksud mengekalkan habitat asal haiwan dan tumbuhan supaya mereka mempunyai tempat tinggal yang selamat. Istilah kedua bermaksud membantu spesies terancam membiak serta memperbaiki ekosistem yang telah rosak. Kedua-duanya saling melengkapi.

Contoh: Mewartakan hutan simpan ialah pemeliharaan, manakala membiakkan penyu di pusat penetasan ialah pemuliharaan.

Awas: Jangan terbalikkan kedua-dua istilah ini.

preservation and conservation = 保护与复育

In the Chinese textbook, the first term means keeping the original habitat of animals and plants so that they have a safe place to live. The second term means helping threatened species breed and repairing ecosystems that have been damaged. The two support each other.

Example: Gazetting a forest reserve is preservation, while breeding turtles at a hatchery is conservation.

Watch out: Do not swap the two terms.

cara memelihara = 保护和复育的方法

Antara cara memelihara dan memulihara ialah menubuhkan pusat pemuliharaan, menguatkuasakan undang-undang terhadap pemburu haram, menyebarkan kesedaran kepada orang ramai, dan mengawal pencemaran alam sekitar. Baca setiap situasi dan tulis cara yang sesuai.

Contoh: Pusat Pemuliharaan Orang Utan Sepilok menjaga orang utan yang kehilangan habitat.

Awas: Undang-undang hanya berkesan jika dikuatkuasakan dengan tegas.

ways to preserve and conserve = 保护和复育的方法

Ways to preserve and conserve include setting up conservation centres, enforcing laws against illegal hunters, spreading awareness to the public and controlling environmental pollution. Read each situation and write the suitable way.

Example: The Sepilok Orang Utan Rehabilitation Centre cares for orang utans that have lost their habitat.

Watch out: Laws only work when they are enforced firmly.

haiwan pupus = 绝种动物

Haiwan yang pupus tidak lagi wujud di mana-mana di bumi. Banyak haiwan pupus kerana manusia memburunya secara berlebihan selepas menemuinya. Baca petunjuk dalam setiap penerangan, seperti burung yang tidak boleh terbang atau burung yang dahulu terbang berkawan dalam jumlah yang sangat besar.

Contoh: Burung dodo tidak boleh terbang dan mudah ditangkap, lalu pupus.

Awas: Haiwan pupus berbeza daripada haiwan terancam yang masih ada sedikit bilangannya.

extinct animals = 绝种动物

An extinct animal no longer exists anywhere on Earth. Many animals became extinct because people hunted them too much after discovering them. Read the clues in each description, such as a bird that could not fly or a bird that once flew in huge flocks.

Example: The dodo could not fly and was easy to catch, so it became extinct.

Watch out: An extinct animal is different from an endangered animal, which still has a small number left.

punca terancam = 濒临绝种的原因

Setiap hidupan terancam kerana sebab yang berbeza. Bunga pakma terancam kerana kudupnya dipetik dan hutannya ditebang. Harimau Malaya diburu secara haram dan kehilangan habitat. Telur penyu belimbing diambil dan penyu termakan sampah plastik. Pokok gaharu ditebang secara haram kerana kayunya sangat mahal.

Contoh: Kayu gaharu digunakan untuk membuat minyak wangi yang mahal.

Awas: Baca petunjuk tentang bahagian yang diambil atau tempat hidupan itu hidup.

causes of endangerment = 濒临绝种的原因

Each endangered living thing is threatened for a different reason. The rafflesia is threatened because its buds are picked and its forest is cut down. The Malayan tiger is poached and loses its habitat. Leatherback turtle eggs are taken and the turtles swallow plastic rubbish. Agarwood trees are cut down illegally because the wood is very valuable.

Example: Agarwood is used to make expensive perfume.

Watch out: Read the clues about which part is taken or where the living thing lives.

pembangunan dan pemburuan = 开发与捕猎

Apabila hutan dibersihkan untuk ladang, haiwan dan tumbuhan kehilangan habitat dan sumber makanan, jadi bilangannya berkurang. Pemburuan dan penangkapan ikan secara haram pula membunuh haiwan lebih cepat daripada ia dapat membiak. Terangkan kesan setiap aktiviti kepada bilangan hidupan.

Contoh: Hutan yang ditebang untuk ladang kelapa sawit menyebabkan gajah kehilangan tempat tinggal.

Awas: Sebut kesan kepada habitat atau bilangan haiwan, bukan hanya nama aktiviti.

development and hunting = 开发与捕猎

When forests are cleared for plantations, animals and plants lose their habitat and food sources, so their numbers fall. Illegal hunting and fishing kill animals faster than they can breed. Explain the effect of each activity on the number of living things.

Example: Forest cleared for oil palm plantations leaves elephants without a home.

Watch out: Mention the effect on the habitat or the number of animals, not only the name of the activity.

pencemaran dan kebakaran = 污染与火灾

Sampah plastik di laut termakan oleh haiwan laut dan menyekat sistem pencernaannya sehingga haiwan itu mati. Kebakaran hutan memusnahkan habitat dan membunuh haiwan serta tumbuhan dalam masa yang singkat. Terangkan bagaimana setiap aktiviti mengurangkan bilangan hidupan.

Contoh: Penyu menyangka beg plastik ialah obor-obor lalu menelannya.

Awas: Kebakaran hutan bukan sahaja membunuh pokok, tetapi juga haiwan yang tinggal di dalamnya.

pollution and fire = 污染与火灾

Plastic rubbish in the sea is swallowed by sea animals and blocks their digestive system until the animal dies. Forest fires destroy habitats and kill animals and plants in a short time. Explain how each activity reduces the number of living things.

Example: A turtle mistakes a plastic bag for a jellyfish and swallows it.

Watch out: A forest fire kills not only trees but also the animals living in the forest.

kepentingan pemuliharaan = 保护和复育的重要性

Memelihara dan memulihara hidupan terancam mengelakkan hidupan itu pupus. Ia juga memastikan sumber semula jadi boleh digunakan secara mampan untuk generasi akan datang, mengekalkan keseimbangan ekosistem, dan mengelakkan haiwan serta tumbuhan kehilangan habitat.

Contoh: Jika harimau pupus, bilangan babi hutan akan bertambah dan merosakkan tanaman.

Awas: Mampan bermaksud boleh digunakan berterusan tanpa habis.

importance of conservation = 保护和复育的重要性

Preserving and conserving endangered living things stops them from becoming extinct. It also makes sure natural resources can be used sustainably by future generations, keeps the ecosystem balanced, and prevents animals and plants from losing their habitats.

Example: If tigers became extinct, wild boars would increase and damage crops.

Watch out: Sustainable means it can be used continuously without running out.