hujah = 论据

有力论据先表明立场，再以资料或合理原因支持，并说明可能影响。创意不是随意想象，而是在现实限制内提出改进。若资料不足，可说明条件，不应把猜测写成事实。

例子： 讨论放学前关电源时，可用节能和安全作为理由，再建议由值日生按清单检查。

reasoned argument = hujah

A strong argument states a position, supports it with evidence or a sound reason, and explains a likely effect. Creativity means adding a workable improvement within real constraints, not inventing facts. When information is incomplete, state the condition rather than treating a guess as certain.

Example: For switching off classroom power, cite safety and energy saving, then suggest a monitor’s checklist before the room is locked.

tersurat / tersirat = 明示 / 隐含

明示资料可直接在材料中找到，隐含意思则要结合人物行动、语气和结果推断。解释时必须指出文字线索，避免只凭个人喜好。若有多个可能含义，应选择证据最充分的一项。

例子： 材料写管理员对朋友也执行同一规定，可推断他公平，不徇私。

explicit / implied meaning = tersurat / tersirat

Explicit information appears directly in a text, while an implied meaning is inferred from actions, tone, and outcomes. An interpretation must point to a textual clue rather than rely on personal preference. If several meanings are possible, choose the one best supported by evidence.

Example: If a monitor applies the same rule to a friend, the action supports an interpretation of fairness and impartiality.

perenggan pendapat = 意见段落

意见段落围绕一个中心立场展开，后面的理由和例子都必须直接支持它。可用 pada pendapat saya、hal ini demikian kerana 和 oleh itu 连接思路。结尾应总结或提出行动，不要突然加入新主题。

例子： 写“准时归还借物”时，先表态，再说明别人也需要使用，最后提出记录归还日期。

opinion paragraph = perenggan pendapat

An opinion paragraph develops one clear position, and every reason or example must support that central idea. Connect the reasoning with suitable discourse markers and end with a conclusion or action. Do not introduce a new topic in the final sentence.

Example: For returning borrowed items on time, state the position, explain that others need access, and close by proposing a return-date record.

seni kata lagu = 歌词

歌词要把主题转化成容易演唱和记忆的短句。先确定诚信信息，再安排每行节奏、尾音和重点词；押韵可以加强音乐感，但不能牺牲语意。呈现时声音、表情和动作应配合内容。

例子： 可围绕 amanah、janji 和 jujur 自创四行歌词，并让每行长度相近。

song lyrics = seni kata lagu

Song lyrics turn a theme into short lines that are easy to sing and remember. Decide the integrity message first, then shape rhythm, end sounds, and key words without sacrificing meaning merely for rhyme. Voice, expression, and movement should support the message during performance.

Example: Build four original lines around “amanah,” “janji,” and “jujur,” keeping the line lengths reasonably balanced.

kata majmuk kiasan = 比喻复合词

比喻复合词不能逐字解释，它以固定组合表达另一层意思。先查清整个短语的含义，再根据人物行动选择；同时检查句子是否自然。不可任意更换其中一个词，否则固定意思可能消失。

例子： 面对未被选中的结果仍平静接受，可用 lapang dada；主动帮忙的人可形容为 ringan tulang。

figurative compound = kata majmuk kiasan

A figurative compound carries an established meaning beyond the literal meanings of its words. Learn the expression as a whole, then match it to a character’s action and test it in a natural sentence. Replacing one word freely may destroy the fixed figurative meaning.

Example: Use “lapang dada” for accepting a result calmly and “ringan tulang” for someone who readily helps with work.

hujah kukuh = 有力论据

题目要求选择既有相关理由又有改进建议的论据。先确认句子是否回应“准时归还”，再检查理由与影响之间有没有联系。无关感受或绝对化说法都不能充分支持立场。

例子： 可寻找同时连接公平使用、下一位借阅者和可实行提醒方法的回应。

strong argument = hujah kukuh

The item asks for an argument that provides both a relevant reason and a practical improvement. Check whether the reply addresses timely returns and whether its reason leads logically to an effect. An unrelated preference or an absolute claim cannot support the position well.

Example: Look for a response that connects fair access for the next borrower with a workable reminder method without revealing the option position.

个人诚信总结 = rumusan integriti diri

完成 Unit 13 后，你应能用立场、依据、影响和建议组成论据，也能区分明示资料与有证据的隐含解释。写意见段落时要保持一个中心，自创歌词要兼顾信息和节奏；比喻复合词则按整体固定含义使用。

例子： 讨论准时归还借物时，可先说明公平使用的理由，再建议记录归还日期，并用 lapang dada 描写平静接受结果。

personal integrity summary = rumusan integriti diri

After Unit 13, you should build an argument from a position, evidence, effect, and practical suggestion, and distinguish explicit information from a supported implication. Keep one central idea in an opinion paragraph, balance message and rhythm in original lyrics, and use figurative compounds by their established whole meaning.

Example: When discussing timely returns, explain fair access, propose recording the return date, and use “lapang dada” for calm acceptance of a result.