问答与决策 = bersoal jawab dan keputusan

为了作决定，问答要围绕使用者、问题、选择、证据与风险，而不是收集无关意见。回答后先总结共同资料，再按事先确定的标准比较方案；最终决定必须说明理由。

例子： 选择防滑手柄时，可比较抓握、安全、成本和测试结果，再解释为何某方案更合适。

questioning for a decision = bersoal jawab untuk keputusan

Decision-focused questioning investigates users, problems, options, evidence, and risks instead of collecting unrelated opinions. Summarise the answers, compare alternatives against agreed criteria, and state both the final choice and its reason.

Example: For a non-slip handle, compare grip, safety, cost, and test results before explaining why one design is more suitable.

多媒体推理 = penaakulan multimedia

多媒体材料的信息分散在标题、画面、旁白、数据和顺序中。推理时要把线索组合，区分事实与宣传，再说明总结和预测依据；醒目的图像不一定比数据更可靠。

例子： 若视频和表格都显示操作时间连续下降，可总结效率提升，并谨慎预测进一步改良可能继续缩短时间。

multimedia reasoning = penaakulan multimedia

Multimedia information is distributed across titles, images, narration, data, and sequence. Combine those clues, separate fact from promotion, and explain the basis for both summary and forecast. A striking image is not automatically more reliable than measured data.

Example: If a video and table both show decreasing operation time, summarise improved efficiency and cautiously forecast further gains after refinement.

记录与生发想法 = mencatat dan menjana idea

记录要保留事实、来源和关键限制，不必逐字抄写。生发想法时，再把不同线索重新组合成多个可测试方案；事实与自己的新想法应分栏，避免日后误把创意当成原资料。

例子： 记录“儿童使用、容易倾倒、需轻巧”后，可提出宽把手、锁盖或液位标记等不同方案。

note-taking and idea generation = mencatat dan menjana idea

Notes should preserve facts, sources, and key constraints without copying every word. Idea generation then recombines those clues into several testable possibilities. Keep source facts separate from new ideas so a creative proposal is not later mistaken for original information.

Example: From “child user, spills easily, must be light,” generate alternatives such as a wide handle, locking lid, or level marker.

科技环境中的爪夷文 = tulisan Jawi dalam persekitaran

辨认标牌或建筑名称上的爪夷文，要结合位置、用途和可靠的罗马字对照，不可只看字形猜读。展示前还需检查从右到左的方向、字母连接和词语正确性；不确定时应请教师或权威词典复核。

例子： 制作创新室名称卡时，可先核对罗马字原词，再写经确认的爪夷文并注明标牌位置。

Jawi in the environment = tulisan Jawi dalam persekitaran

Recognising Jawi on a sign or building name requires location, purpose, and a reliable Rumi comparison rather than visual guessing. Before display, verify right-to-left direction, letter connections, and word accuracy. Ask a teacher or trusted dictionary when uncertain.

Example: For an innovation-room name card, verify the Rumi source, use an approved Jawi form, and identify where the sign appears.

正常语序与倒装语序 = susunan biasa dan songsang

正常语序通常先主语后谓语，倒装语序把全部或部分谓语提前以加强语气。转换前先划分主语和谓语，再移动完整成分；不能为了倒装而删词或改变谁具有什么特征。

例子： “Robot itu cekap.”可换成“Cekap robot itu.”，主语仍是 robot itu，性质仍是 cekap。

normal and inverted order = susunan biasa dan songsang

Normal order generally places the subject before the predicate, while inverted order moves all or part of the predicate forward for emphasis. Identify both components before moving a complete unit. Do not delete information or change who possesses the stated quality.

Example: “Robot itu cekap” can become “Cekap robot itu,” with the same subject and quality.

proses keputusan inovasi = 创新决策过程

题目要求选择有资料、有标准且能说明理由的决策过程。先看是否了解使用者需求，再检查是否比较安全、功能或成本等证据；只凭先后次序或外观作决定都不够可靠。

例子： 可先访谈使用者，列出三项标准，再用测试结果比较各设计后作选择。

innovation decision process = proses keputusan inovasi

The item asks for a decision process based on information, criteria, and an explained reason. Check whether user needs are understood and whether evidence about safety, function, or cost is compared. Choosing by arrival order or appearance alone is not reliable.

Example: Interview users, define three criteria, and compare test results before selecting a design.

创新思维总结 = rumusan minda inovatif

完成 Unit 21 后，你应能通过问答总结需要、按标准比较证据并说明决定，也能综合多媒体线索作总结和预测。笔记要区分来源事实与新想法；Jawi 展示须核实；正常与倒装语序转换则保持主谓意义。

例子： 先记录使用者问题和测试数据，再比较原型；展示名称前核对 Jawi，转换语序时完整移动谓语。

innovative thinking summary = rumusan minda inovatif

After Unit 21, you should use questioning to summarise needs, compare evidence against criteria, and explain a decision. You should reason across multimedia, separate source facts from new ideas in notes, verify Jawi before display, and preserve subject-predicate meaning when changing normal and inverted order.

Example: Record the user problem and test data before comparing prototypes; verify Jawi and move the complete predicate when changing order.