讲故事的语调与表达 = gaya dan ekspresi bercerita

讲故事要让听众清楚知道背景、人物、事件发展和结局。语调可随紧张、惊喜或反思变化，表情和动作只用于帮助理解；夸张到遮盖内容，反而会破坏故事重点。

例子： 讲采蜜者遇雨时可加快节奏，说明安全决定时再放慢语速并强调关键词。

storytelling style and expression = gaya dan ekspresi bercerita

A clear story establishes setting, character, event sequence, and ending. Intonation can change with tension, surprise, or reflection, while expression and gesture should support meaning. Performance becomes distracting when exaggeration hides the actual events and lesson.

Example: Speed up slightly during an approaching storm, then slow down and stress key words when the honey collector makes a safe decision.

经济知识与价值观 = ilmu dan nilai ekonomi

知识回答“学到什么事实或方法”，价值观回答“应以什么态度行动”。两者都必须从材料线索提炼，不能把个人想法冒充原文；呈现时可用分栏说明线索、知识和价值。

例子： 材料写明过滤和密封，可提炼食品卫生知识；如实标示成分则体现诚信价值。

economic knowledge and values = ilmu dan nilai ekonomi

Knowledge identifies a fact, method, or process, while a value guides how people should act. Both must be supported by clues from the material rather than personal invention. Presenting clue, knowledge, and value in separate columns keeps their roles clear.

Example: Filtering and sealing suggest food-hygiene knowledge, while truthful ingredient labelling demonstrates integrity.

正式公函格式 = format surat kiriman rasmi

正式公函让收件人迅速确认谁来函、写给谁、所求何事及如何回复。先依次检查寄件人地址与横线、收件人职衔和地址、日期、称呼和标题；正文用编号分段说明申请理由、安排与责任，最后以礼貌结束语、签名、姓名和职务完成。

例子： 创业学会申请参访食品加工中心时，可在第二段列建议日期、人数与教师陪同，在第三段承诺遵守安全规定。

formal letter format = format surat kiriman rasmi

A formal letter lets the recipient quickly identify the sender, addressee, purpose, and requested response. Check the sender address and dividing line, recipient designation and address, date, salutation, and subject first. Use numbered paragraphs for reasons, arrangements, and responsibilities, then close with a courteous ending, signature, name, and position.

Example: For a request to visit a food-processing centre, the second paragraph can state the proposed date, group size, and accompanying teachers, while the third confirms compliance with safety rules.

经济主题诗歌 = puisi bertema ekonomi

诗歌可用意象和节奏表达劳动、资源与共享成果，但不能只堆砌押韵词。先确定中心价值，再让每一行发展信息；朗诵时通过停顿和重音突出意思，而非只追求声音热闹。

例子： 以海洋生计为题，可依次写资源、劳动、保护和社群福祉，让四行形成完整思想。

economy-themed poetry = puisi bertema ekonomi

Poetry can use imagery and rhythm to express work, resources, and shared benefit, but rhyme alone is insufficient. Choose a central value and let each line develop the message. During presentation, pauses and stress should highlight meaning instead of merely creating noise.

Example: For a marine livelihood poem, develop resource, work, protection, and community well-being across four connected lines.

kata berimbuhan sisipan = 嵌缀词

马来文词缀包括前缀、后缀、前后缀和嵌缀。嵌缀插在词根中间，例如 gentar 加 -em- 成为 gementar，sabut 加 -er- 成为 serabut，serak 加 -el- 成为 selerak。分析 berselerak 时，还要看出外层的 ber-。判断时先还原词根，再看多出来的部分在哪里。

例子： 先圈出词根，再标示嵌入的 -em-、-er- 或 -el-，不要把整个词当作不能拆分。

kata berimbuhan sisipan = infixed word

Malay affixes include prefixes, suffixes, circumfixes, and infixes. An infix appears inside the root: gentar becomes gementar with -em-, sabut becomes serabut with -er-, and serak becomes selerak with -el-. In berselerak, also notice the outer prefix ber-.

Example: Circle the root first, then mark the inserted -em-, -er-, or -el-.

区分经济知识与价值 = bezakan ilmu dan nilai

题目要求分开“可学习的方法”与“指导行为的态度”。先检查前半是否说明事实或做法，再看后半是否体现诚信、责任等价值；价格和包装颜色并不自动等于价值观。

例子： 可把卫生处理列为知识，把诚实标签列为价值实践，再判断选项结构。

distinguish knowledge and values = bezakan ilmu dan nilai

The item asks you to separate a learnable method from an attitude that guides behaviour. Check whether one part explains a fact or process and whether the other expresses integrity, responsibility, or another value. Price and packaging colour do not automatically represent a moral value.

Example: Classify hygienic processing as knowledge and truthful labelling as value-based action before evaluating the choices.

推动经济总结 = rumusan memajukan ekonomi

完成 Unit 22 后，你应能有层次地讲述经济故事，从资料区分知识与价值，并以连贯衔接的段落记录活动。诗歌要围绕劳动、资源和责任发展信息；词缀词则需从词根、词性和语境判断。

例子： 说明蜂蜜生产时，可依次讲来源、加工、品质和诚信，再把 fakta 与 nilai 分开记录。

advancing the economy summary = rumusan memajukan ekonomi

After Unit 22, you should tell an economic story in a clear sequence, distinguish knowledge from values, and produce coherent, cohesive writing. Poetry should develop work, resources, and responsibility, while affixed words must be selected through root, word class, and context.

Example: For honey production, explain source, processing, quality, and integrity in order, then record facts and values separately.