Pupuk Minat Keusahawanan
Minat keusahawanan tumbuh melalui pemerhatian, kemahiran, percubaan dan tanggungjawab, bukan keuntungan semata-mata. Kita akan menceritakan maklumat, merujuk perkataan, menulis, mencipta cerita dan menyusun ayat.
培养创业兴趣 = pupuk minat keusahawanan
创业兴趣来自发现需要、创造价值和愿意学习，不等同于只追求赚钱。学生应学会核实资料、理解顾客、计算资源并诚实沟通；尝试失败后记录原因和改进，也是创业学习的一部分。
例子： 校园小生意可先调查需求，制作少量样品，收集意见后再决定是否继续。
developing entrepreneurial interest = pupuk minat keusahawanan
Entrepreneurial interest grows from noticing needs, creating value, and learning, not from profit alone. Learners should verify information, understand customers, plan resources, and communicate honestly. Recording why a trial failed and how to improve is also part of entrepreneurship.
Example: A school enterprise can survey needs, make a small sample, collect feedback, and only then decide whether to continue.
Ceritakan Maklumat dengan Tersusun
Pilih fakta penting daripada perkara yang didengar, ditonton atau dibaca. Susun latar, proses, hasil dan pengajaran, kemudian gunakan sebutan, intonasi, gaya serta ekspresi yang sesuai dengan isi.
根据资料讲述 = menceritakan berdasarkan maklumat
根据资料讲述要先筛选可核实重点，再按背景、过程、结果和启示组织。语调和表情帮助听众理解，但不能添加来源没有提供的成功故事或数字；个人意见应明确标示。
例子： 观看校园创业视频后，可讲述问题、试做、顾客反馈和改进，而不虚构利润。
source-based retelling = menceritakan berdasarkan maklumat
Source-based retelling begins by selecting verifiable points and arranging background, process, outcome, and lesson. Intonation and expression support understanding, but they must not introduce profit figures or success claims absent from the source. Personal opinion should be identified as such.
Example: After a school-enterprise video, retell the problem, trial, customer feedback, and improvement without inventing profit.
Rujuk Istilah Keusahawanan
Rujuk kamus dan konteks untuk memahami istilah keusahawanan seperti tular, menjanakan pendapatan dan berjinak-jinak. Peribahasa “kalau tidak dipecahkan ruyung, di mana boleh mendapat sagu” menegaskan bahawa kejayaan memerlukan usaha dan kesungguhan.
查证创业术语 = rujuk istilah keusahawanan
创业词语可能有一般义和专业语境义，查词时不能只抄第一项。应核对词性、发音、拼写、搭配与例句，再根据句子说明选择哪一义；电子来源要优先权威语言机构。
例子： 查 modal 时，可结合“启动业务所需资源”的语境，而不是把它理解成与句子无关的形式。
referencing entrepreneurial terms = rujuk istilah keusahawanan
Entrepreneurial terms may carry general and specialised meanings, so do not copy the first definition blindly. Verify word class, pronunciation, spelling, combinations, and examples, then explain which meaning fits the sentence. Prefer an authoritative language source online.
Example: For “modal,” use the context of resources needed to start an activity rather than an unrelated meaning.
Tulis Karangan Fakta dan Syarahan
Karangan fakta menghuraikan tajuk melalui pendahuluan, isi berfakta dengan huraian serta contoh, dan penutup. Syarahan mempunyai kata alu-aluan, kata sapaan kepada hadirin, pengenalan tajuk, isi tersusun dan penutup yang mengucapkan terima kasih.
karangan fakta / syarahan = 说明文 / 演讲稿
说明文以事实、解释和例子展开主题；演讲稿还要有问候语、对听众的称呼、题目引入、条理清楚的要点和结语。写作时先列提纲，每段只发展一个重点，并使用适合公开演说的称呼。
例子： 演讲稿开头向校长、老师和同学致意，结尾总结重点并致谢。
karangan fakta / syarahan = factual essay / speech
A factual essay develops a topic through an introduction, evidence-based points with explanation and examples, and a conclusion. A speech also needs opening courtesies, an address to the audience, a topic introduction, organised points, and a closing expression of thanks.
Example: Address the headteacher, teachers, and friends at the start, then summarise and thank the audience at the end.
Cipta Cerita Keusahawanan
Bina watak dengan keperluan nyata, satu cabaran, beberapa usaha dan akibat yang munasabah. Gunakan bahasa indah serta santun dan tunjukkan pembelajaran, bukan kejayaan segera tanpa proses.
创业故事 = cerita keusahawanan
创业故事要有真实问题、尝试、反馈和改进，不能让人物无缘无故立即成功。先设定使用者需要，再让角色作决定并承担结果；优美语言服务于人物成长和价值，不应掩盖过程。
例子： 角色发现书签易破后，可收集同学意见、改变材料并重新测试，最后反思成本和耐用度。
entrepreneurial story = cerita keusahawanan
An entrepreneurial story needs a real problem, trial, feedback, and improvement rather than instant unexplained success. Establish a user need, let the character make decisions and face consequences, and use expressive language to support growth and values without hiding the process.
Example: After discovering that a bookmark tears easily, the character can gather feedback, change material, retest, and reflect on cost and durability.
Susunan Biasa dan Songsang
Susunan biasa meletakkan subjek sebelum predikat. Susunan songsang mendahulukan seluruh atau sebahagian predikat untuk penegasan. Kenal pasti kedua-dua unsur dahulu supaya pertukaran tidak mengubah maksud.
正常语序与倒装语序 = susunan biasa dan songsang
正常语序先主语后谓语，倒装语序把完整谓语或其重点部分提前。转换时要先划分成分，再移动整体；若打乱短语内部词序、遗漏程度词或换掉主语，原意便会改变。
例子： “Usahawan muda itu rajin.”可换成“Rajin usahawan muda itu.”，人物和性质不变。
normal and inverted order = susunan biasa dan songsang
Normal order places the subject before the predicate, while inverted order moves all or part of the predicate forward for emphasis. Identify both components and move an intact unit. Scrambling internal word order, dropping a degree word, or changing the subject alters the meaning.
Example: “Usahawan muda itu rajin” can become “Rajin usahawan muda itu” with the same person and quality.
Semak Cepat
Penceritaan manakah setia kepada sumber bengkel?
判断资料讲述 = nilai penceritaan sumber
题目要求选择忠于资料并呈现过程的讲述。先检查是否包含可核实的行动和结果，再排除来源没有说明的保证或从外观跳到产品完美的推论；不要按选项位置猜答案。
例子： 可把每项拆成“资料事实”和“新增判断”，观察新增内容是否有证据。
evaluate source-based retelling = nilai penceritaan sumber
The item asks for a retelling that remains faithful to the source and explains a process. Check for verifiable actions and outcomes, then reject guarantees absent from the source or a leap from building appearance to product quality. Do not choose by position.
Example: Separate each choice into source facts and added judgement, then ask whether the added claim has evidence.
Sedia untuk Berlatih
Anda telah melalui lima kemahiran bahasa dan satu semakan kefahaman. Teruskan dengan latihan pengukuhan.
Buka latihan kendiri →创业兴趣总结 = rumusan minat keusahawanan
完成 Unit 23 后，你应能根据来源讲述创业过程，用可靠工具核对专业词语，并写出结构完整的事实文章或演讲稿。内容要有清楚的重点、根据和合理因果；正常句与倒装句转换时，则要保持主语和谓语完整。
例子： 介绍学生产品时先说明需要、试做、反馈和改进，再核对 modal 等词语的语境用法。
entrepreneurial interest summary = rumusan minat keusahawanan
After Unit 23, you should retell an entrepreneurial process from source evidence, verify specialised terms with reliable references, and write a complete factual essay or speech. The content needs a clear focus, supporting facts, and plausible cause and effect, while normal and inverted order must preserve complete subject and predicate units.
Example: Present a student product through need, trial, feedback, and improvement, then verify contextual use of terms such as “modal.”.