可能性

全部结果符合 = semua hasil sepadan

Tentukan sama ada setiap kad memenuhi ciri yang ditanya. Apabila tiada satu pun pengecualian, peristiwa itu pasti berlaku.

Contoh: Semua kad berbentuk segi tiga menjadikan cabutan segi tiga pasti.

Awas: Jangan menilai berdasarkan satu kad sahaja.

全部结果符合 = all outcomes match

Decide whether every card has the requested feature. With no exception in the set, the event is certain.

Example: When every card is triangular, drawing a triangle is certain.

Watch out: Do not judge from only one card.

两类数量相等 = dua kumpulan sama banyak

Bandingkan bilangan pensel bagi kedua-dua warna. Dua kumpulan yang sama banyak memberi kemungkinan yang sama apabila setiap pensel boleh dipilih dengan cara serupa.

Contoh: Tiga tiket A dan tiga tiket B memberi kemungkinan sama.

Awas: Panjang pensel tidak mengubah perbandingan bilangan.

两类数量相等 = two equal groups

Compare the pencil counts for the two colours. Equal groups give equal likelihood when every pencil is selected in the same way.

Example: Three A tickets and three B tickets give equal likelihood.

Watch out: Pencil length does not change the count comparison.

少数结果仍可出现 = hasil sedikit masih boleh berlaku

Kad bas masih ada, jadi hasil itu bukan mustahil. Namun bilangannya lebih sedikit daripada kad basikal, maka kemungkinan memilihnya adalah kecil.

Contoh: Satu bunga antara enam daun masih boleh dipilih tetapi kemungkinannya kecil.

Awas: Bezakan “sedikit” daripada “tiada”.

少数结果仍可出现 = a rare outcome can still occur

A bus card is present, so the result is not impossible. However, it is outnumbered by bicycle cards, making it less likely.

Example: One flower among six leaves can still be selected but is less likely.

Watch out: Distinguish “few” from “none.”

由可能性反推数量 = menentukan bilangan daripada kemungkinan

Jika dua warna perlu mempunyai kemungkinan sama dan setiap objek dipilih secara adil, bilangan kedua-dua warna mesti sama.

Contoh: Empat merah dan empat biru memberi kemungkinan sama.

Awas: Jumlah keseluruhan sahaja tidak mencukupi; bandingkan setiap warna.

由可能性反推数量 = infer counts from likelihood

If two colours must be equally likely and every object is selected fairly, their counts must be equal.

Example: Four red and four blue give equal likelihood.

Watch out: The total alone is insufficient; compare each colour.

自然现象的可能性 = Kebarangkalian fenomena alam

Gunakan pengetahuan sains: matahari terbit dari timur setiap hari kerana putaran Bumi. Tiada kesudahan yang tidak sepadan, jadi peristiwa ini bukan sekadar besar kemungkinan, tetapi pasti berlaku.

Contoh: Contoh: Air laut terasa masin. Setiap kali kita merasa air laut, ia masin, jadi peristiwa itu pasti.

Awas: Awas: Kemungkinan besar bermaksud masih ada kesudahan yang tidak sepadan. Bezakan dengan pasti.

自然现象的可能性 = Likelihood of natural events

Use science knowledge: the sun rises in the east every day because of the way the Earth turns. There is no outcome that does not match, so the event is not just likely, it is certain.

Example: Example: Sea water tastes salty. Every time we taste sea water it is salty, so the event is certain.

Watch out: Watch out: Likely means there is still some outcome that does not match. Keep it separate from certain.

比较可能性大小 = Membandingkan kebarangkalian

Setiap bola mempunyai peluang yang sama untuk diambil. Warna yang mempunyai bilangan bola paling sedikit mempunyai kebarangkalian paling kecil, manakala warna dengan bilangan paling banyak mempunyai kebarangkalian paling besar.

Contoh: Contoh: 2 kad biru, 6 kad putih dan 4 kad hijau. Kad biru paling sedikit, jadi kebarangkaliannya paling kecil.

Awas: Awas: Jangan pilih warna paling banyak. Soalan meminta yang paling kecil.

比较可能性大小 = Comparing likelihood

Every ball has the same chance of being picked. The colour with the fewest balls has the smallest likelihood, while the colour with the most balls has the greatest likelihood.

Example: Example: 2 blue cards, 6 white cards and 4 green cards. Blue has the fewest cards, so it has the smallest likelihood.

Watch out: Watch out: Do not pick the colour with the most balls. The question asks for the smallest likelihood.

转盘的可能性 = Kebarangkalian pada roda putar

Semua petak pada roda putar sama besar, jadi setiap petak mempunyai peluang yang sama. Bandingkan bilangan petak setiap warna. Warna yang mempunyai lebih sedikit petak mempunyai kebarangkalian yang lebih kecil.

Contoh: Contoh: Roda 6 petak, 4 kuning dan 2 merah. Merah kurang petak, jadi kebarangkalian merah lebih kecil.

Awas: Awas: Kebarangkalian sama hanya apabila bilangan petak kedua-dua warna sama banyak.

转盘的可能性 = Likelihood on a spinner

All the sections of the spinner are the same size, so each section has the same chance. Compare how many sections each colour has. The colour with fewer sections has the smaller likelihood.

Example: Example: A spinner with 6 sections, 4 yellow and 2 red. Red has fewer sections, so red is less likely.

Watch out: Watch out: The likelihood is equal only when both colours have the same number of sections.

使可能性相同 = Menjadikan kebarangkalian sama

Kebarangkalian sama apabila bilangan kedua-dua warna sama banyak. Bandingkan bilangan bola biru dengan bilangan bola merah dan cari beza antara kedua-duanya. Beza itu ialah bilangan bola paling sedikit yang perlu ditambah.

Contoh: Contoh: 7 guli hijau dan 3 guli kuning. Tambah 7 − 3 = 4 guli kuning supaya sama.

Awas: Awas: Jangan tambah bilangan yang sama dengan bola merah. Bola biru yang sedia ada juga dikira.

使可能性相同 = Making the likelihood equal

The likelihood is equal when both colours have the same number of balls. Compare the blue balls with the red balls and find the difference. That difference is the smallest number of balls you must add.

Example: Example: 7 green marbles and 3 yellow marbles. Add 7 − 3 = 4 yellow marbles to make them equal.

Watch out: Watch out: Do not add as many as the red balls. The blue balls already in the bag also count.