keadilan = 公正

Bahagian pembukaan ini menunjukkan murid daripada keluarga B40 menerima bantuan RM100 yang sama mengikut syarat yang jelas. Kemudian mereka melipat burung pengimbang yang boleh berdiri di hujung jari kerana titik graviti berada tepat di bawah paruhnya. Keadilan diibaratkan titik graviti yang menenangkan hati rakyat.

Contoh: Setiap murid yang layak mendapat jumlah bantuan yang sama, tiada siapa mendapat lebih kerana kenal pegawai.

Awas: Adil bukan bermaksud semua orang dapat benda yang sama dalam semua keadaan, tetapi ikut peraturan yang sama.

fairness = 公正

The opening scene shows pupils from B40 families each receiving the same RM100 aid under clear rules. Then they fold a balancing bird that rests on a fingertip because its centre of gravity sits right below the beak. Fairness is compared to that centre of gravity, keeping people’s hearts steady.

Example: Every eligible pupil gets the same amount, and nobody receives extra for knowing an officer.

Watch out: Fair does not always mean identical shares; it means the same rules apply to everyone.

syarat yang sama = 同一标准

Soalan ini menguji cara membahagikan bantuan yang terhad. Cara yang adil menggunakan syarat yang jelas dan boleh disemak oleh semua orang, iaitu pendapatan keluarga. Memilih kawan rapat ialah sikap pilih kasih, manakala siapa datang dahulu tidak menunjukkan siapa yang paling memerlukan bantuan.

Contoh: Murid yang membawa bukti pendapatan rendah dibantu dahulu, tanpa mengira dia kawan siapa.

Awas: Datang awal kelihatan teratur, tetapi tidak mengukur keperluan sebenar.

one standard for all = 同一标准

This question is about sharing limited aid. A fair method uses a clear condition that everyone can check, such as family income. Picking familiar classmates is favouritism, while first come first served ignores who actually needs the help the most.

Example: A pupil who shows proof of low family income is helped first, whoever his friends are.

Watch out: Arriving early looks orderly, but it does not measure real need.

drama mahkamah = 话剧审判

Cerita ini ialah lakonan babak ketiga tentang sebuah negara aman bernama Negara Harmoni. Perlembagaannya mengasingkan kuasa membuat undang-undang, menguatkuasakan undang-undang dan kehakiman. Perdana menteri negara itu cuba mempengaruhi mahkamah untuk melindungi anaknya yang bersalah, lalu raja mengarahkan kes itu dibicarakan.

Contoh: Ketua polis membawa saksi dan bukti, manakala hakim besar membuat keputusan.

Awas: Ingat watak mengikut peranan: penggubal undang-undang, penguat kuasa dan hakim.

courtroom play = 话剧审判

The story is the third act of a play about a peaceful land called the Harmony Kingdom. Its constitution separates law-making, law enforcement and the courts. The prime minister tries to pressure the court to protect his guilty son, so the king has the case brought to trial.

Example: The police chief brings witnesses and evidence, while the chief judge gives the verdict.

Watch out: Keep the roles apart: law-maker, law enforcer and judge.

bicara secara adil = 秉公审判

Hakim besar mendengar tuduhan, membiarkan peguam menerangkan bahawa semua orang sama di sisi undang-undang, dan meminta ketua polis membentangkan bukti. Selepas bukti jelas, perdana menteri mengaku salah dan dihukum. Rakyat menerima keputusan itu dengan hati terbuka kerana ia berdasarkan fakta, bukan pangkat.

Contoh: Walaupun yang dituduh ialah perdana menteri, hakim tetap menjatuhkan hukuman mengikut undang-undang.

Awas: Keputusan yang adil datang selepas bukti diperiksa, bukan sebelum.

a fair trial = 秉公审判

The chief judge hears the charge, lets the lawyer explain that everyone is equal before the law, and asks the police chief to present the evidence. Once the proof is clear, the prime minister admits his wrong and is punished. People accept the verdict because it rests on facts, not on rank.

Example: Even though the accused is the prime minister, the judge still punishes him according to the law.

Watch out: A fair decision comes after the evidence is checked, not before.

diterima kerana berasas = 以理服人

Orang ramai menerima keputusan hakim besar bukan kerana pangkatnya lebih tinggi. Mereka puas hati kerana dia memeriksa bukti daripada ketua polis dan menggunakan undang-undang yang sama untuk semua. Itulah maksud tajuk unit ini: meyakinkan orang dengan alasan yang benar.

Contoh: Saksi dan bukti menunjukkan anak perdana menteri membuli rakyat biasa, jadi hukuman itu munasabah.

Awas: Rayuan atau pangkat tidak menjadikan sesuatu keputusan adil.

winning hearts with reason = 以理服人

People accept the chief judge’s ruling not because he outranks anyone. They are satisfied because he checked the police chief’s evidence and used the same law for everyone. That is the meaning of this unit’s title: convincing others with sound reasons.

Example: Witnesses and proof showed the minister’s son had bullied ordinary people, so the punishment made sense.

Watch out: Pleading or high rank never makes a ruling fair.

pengasingan kuasa = 三权分立

Malaysia mengasingkan tiga kuasa: badan perundangan menggubal undang-undang, badan eksekutif dan polis melaksanakannya, dan badan kehakiman membicarakan kes di mahkamah. Setiap kuasa bebas dan saling mengimbangi supaya tiada pihak boleh campur tangan sesuka hati. Semua orang sama di sisi undang-undang.

Contoh: Ahli Parlimen meluluskan rang undang-undang, polis menangkap pesalah, hakim memutuskan hukuman.

Awas: Jika satu pihak mengawal mahkamah, keadilan mudah dirosakkan seperti dalam drama itu.

separation of powers = 三权分立

Malaysia separates three powers: the legislature makes laws, the executive and police carry them out, and the judiciary tries cases in court. Each works independently and checks the others, so no side can interfere as it likes. Everyone stands equal before the law.

Example: Members of Parliament pass a bill, the police arrest an offender, and a judge decides the sentence.

Watch out: If one side controls the courts, justice is easily damaged, just as in the play.

penguat kuasa = 执法

Kes langgar lari perlu disiasat dahulu sebelum dibicarakan. Tugas menyiasat dan menangkap suspek ialah tugas pihak penguat kuasa, iaitu polis. Hakim hanya membuat keputusan di mahkamah selepas siasatan, manakala Ahli Parlimen tidak menyiasat kes jenayah tetapi menggubal undang-undang.

Contoh: Polis mengumpul rakaman kamera jalan raya dan keterangan saksi, kemudian menahan pemandu itu.

Awas: Status anak orang kaya tidak mengubah siapa yang bertanggungjawab menyiasat.

law enforcement = 执法

A hit-and-run case must be investigated before it goes to trial. Investigating and arresting a suspect is the job of the enforcement side, which is the police. A judge decides only in court after the investigation, and Members of Parliament make laws rather than investigate crimes.

Example: Police collect road camera footage and witness statements, then detain the driver.

Watch out: Being a rich man’s son does not change who investigates the case.

tidak pilih kasih = 不徇私

Selepas lakonan, Weihong diminta mencadangkan pemain untuk pasukan badminton kebangsaan bawah dua belas tahun. Kawan baiknya Jinghua mahu terpilih, tetapi Babu lebih cergas dan kuat. Weihong memilih Babu kerana keputusan perlu mengikut kriteria pemilihan, bukan persahabatan. Dia berasa tenang kerana bertindak dengan adil.

Contoh: Ketua kumpulan mencadangkan pemain yang paling layak walaupun bukan kawan rapatnya.

Awas: Memilih kawan yang kurang layak boleh merugikan pasukan negara.

no favouritism = 不徇私

After the play, Weihong is asked to recommend players for the national under-twelve badminton squad. His good friend Jinghua hopes to be picked, but Babu has better fitness. Weihong recommends Babu because the choice must follow the selection criteria, not friendship, and he feels at peace with it.

Example: A group leader names the most suitable player even when that player is not his close friend.

Watch out: Picking a weaker friend could hurt the national team.

maksud keadilan = 公正的意思

Adil bermaksud menggunakan ukuran yang sama untuk semua orang dan membuat keputusan berdasarkan fakta serta peraturan. Kita tidak berpihak kerana hubungan keluarga, pangkat, kaum atau ganjaran. Amalan adil membina kepercayaan rakyat, mengurangkan perbalahan dan menjaga nama baik negara.

Contoh: Pengawas mencatat nama sepupunya yang lewat sama seperti murid lain.

Awas: Keadilan juga bermaksud menyiasat dahulu sebelum menuduh sesiapa.

what fairness means = 公正的意思

Being fair means using one measure for everyone and deciding by facts and rules. We do not lean towards anyone because of family ties, rank, race or rewards. Fair practice builds public trust, reduces conflict and protects the good name of the country.

Example: A prefect records his late cousin’s name exactly as he would for any other pupil.

Watch out: Fairness also means checking the facts before blaming anyone.

peraturan untuk semua = 一视同仁

Shufen bertugas mencatat murid yang lewat, dan adiknya sendiri juga lewat hari ini. Jika dia tidak mencatat nama adiknya, itu pilih kasih. Menyerahkan keputusan kepada orang lain pula mengelak tanggungjawab. Cara yang adil ialah mencatat nama adiknya seperti murid lain.

Contoh: Pengawas menulis nama adiknya dalam buku rekod lewat tanpa berlengah.

Awas: Keluarga tidak dikecualikan daripada peraturan sekolah.

same rule for everyone = 一视同仁

Shufen is on duty recording late pupils, and her own younger sister is late today. Leaving her sister’s name out would be favouritism, and handing the decision to someone else dodges her duty. The fair choice is to record her sister’s name like everyone else’s.

Example: The prefect writes her sister’s name in the late book without hesitation.

Watch out: Family members are not exempt from school rules.

agensi keadilan = 捍卫公义的单位

Beberapa agensi menjaga undang-undang dan keadilan di negara kita. Polis Diraja Malaysia mengawal lalu lintas, menyiasat jenayah dan menjaga ketenteraman. Mahkamah Tinggi membicarakan kes besar. Suruhanjaya Pencegahan Rasuah Malaysia menyiasat rasuah, dan Akademi Pencegahan Rasuah Malaysia melatih orang tentang integriti.

Contoh: Jika seseorang menawarkan wang supaya kesalahannya dilupakan, kes itu boleh dilaporkan kepada SPRM.

Awas: Setiap agensi ada tugas tersendiri; jangan campur aduk tugas mahkamah dengan polis.

justice agencies = 捍卫公义的单位

Several agencies protect the law and justice in our country. The Royal Malaysia Police control traffic, investigate crimes and keep public order. The High Court tries serious cases. The Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission investigates bribery, and the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Academy trains people in integrity.

Example: If someone offers money to make an offence disappear, the case can be reported to the anti-corruption commission.

Watch out: Each agency has its own job; do not mix up the court’s work with the police’s.

lapor rasuah = 举报贪污

Memberi wang kepada pegawai supaya lesen yang tidak layak diluluskan ialah rasuah. Agensi yang menerima laporan dan menyiasat rasuah ialah Suruhanjaya Pencegahan Rasuah Malaysia. Mahkamah hanya membicarakan kes selepas siasatan, manakala akademi itu memberi latihan dan bukan menerima aduan.

Contoh: Adi membuat aduan kepada SPRM dengan menyatakan tarikh, tempat dan apa yang dilihatnya.

Awas: Membuat laporan perlu dengan bantuan orang dewasa dan berdasarkan fakta.

reporting bribery = 举报贪污

Handing money to an officer so that an unqualified licence gets approved is bribery. The agency that receives reports and investigates bribery is the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission. The court only tries cases after an investigation, and the academy provides training rather than taking complaints.

Example: Adi reports to the commission, stating the date, the place and what he saw.

Watch out: Make reports with an adult’s help and stick to the facts.

sama di sisi undang-undang = 人人平等

Murid mengadakan pameran keratan akhbar tentang keadilan. Berita itu menunjukkan seorang pengedar dadah muda ditangkap, seorang pegawai kanan majlis perbandaran ditahan kerana rasuah, dan seorang bergelar ditahan kerana mengugut pegawai polis. Pangkat dan gelaran tidak melindungi sesiapa daripada undang-undang.

Contoh: Pegawai tinggi yang menerima rasuah tetap disiasat seperti orang biasa.

Awas: Pameran ini bukan untuk mengejek pesalah tetapi untuk memahami keadilan.

equal before the law = 人人平等

Pupils hold an exhibition of newspaper clippings about justice. The news shows a young drug trafficker arrested, a senior council officer detained for taking bribes, and a titled man held for threatening a police officer. Rank and titles shield nobody from the law.

Example: A senior official who takes bribes is investigated just like an ordinary person.

Watch out: The exhibition is for understanding justice, not for mocking offenders.

pencegahan rasuah = 反贪

Suruhanjaya anti rasuah menjalankan kempen di sekolah supaya murid membesar dengan nilai integriti. Peta minda dalam aktiviti ini menunjukkan kepentingan membanteras rasuah: kaum hidup harmoni, nilai jujur tertanam, ekonomi negara stabil dan nama negara terpelihara di mata dunia.

Contoh: Murid menolak hadiah daripada rakan yang mahu dia menutup mata terhadap kesalahan.

Awas: Rasuah kecil di sekolah juga rasuah, contohnya memberi gula-gula supaya tidak dilaporkan.

anti-corruption = 反贪

The anti-corruption commission runs a school campaign so that pupils grow up valuing integrity. The mind map in this activity lists why fighting corruption matters: races live in harmony, honesty takes root, the economy stays stable and the country keeps a good name abroad.

Example: A pupil refuses a gift from a friend who wants an offence ignored.

Watch out: Small bribes at school are still bribes, such as sweets offered to avoid being reported.

menolak sogokan = 拒绝贿赂

Biskut itu diberi dengan syarat Jiawen tidak mencatat buku yang lewat dipulangkan. Ganjaran yang diberi untuk melanggar peraturan ialah sogokan, walaupun nilainya kecil. Berkongsi biskut dengan pengawas lain tidak menghapuskan kesalahan itu. Jiawen perlu menolak dengan sopan dan mencatat seperti biasa.

Contoh: Terima kasih, tetapi saya tetap perlu menulis tarikh pemulangan buku awak.

Awas: Sekali sahaja tetap salah; ia membuka jalan kepada rasuah yang lebih besar.

refusing a bribe = 拒绝贿赂

The biscuits are offered on condition that Jiawen does not record the overdue book. A reward given for breaking a rule is a bribe, however small. Sharing the biscuits with other librarians does not cancel the wrong. Jiawen should politely refuse and record the book as usual.

Example: Thank you, but I still need to write down the date you returned the book.

Watch out: Just this once is still wrong; it opens the door to bigger corruption.

difitnah = 栽赃嫁祸

Dalam mahkamah dongeng, hakim besar mendapati kanggaru Guoguo sebenarnya difitnah oleh kawannya. Murid perlu menulis dialog yang menunjukkan cara hakim bertindak adil: bergantung pada bukti, membersihkan nama orang yang tidak bersalah dan memastikan orang yang memfitnah bertanggungjawab. Undang-undang melindungi hak setiap rakyat.

Contoh: Hakim mengumumkan Guoguo tidak bersalah selepas melihat rakaman dan keterangan saksi.

Awas: Jangan menghukum seseorang hanya kerana khabar angin.

framed = 栽赃嫁祸

In a fairy-tale court, the chief judge finds that Guoguo the kangaroo was framed by a friend. Pupils write dialogue showing how the judge acts fairly: relying on evidence, clearing the innocent and making the false accuser answer for it. The law protects the rights of every citizen.

Example: The judge declares Guoguo innocent after viewing the footage and hearing witnesses.

Watch out: Never punish someone because of a rumour alone.

kepentingan bersama = 公心

Zhixiang dilantik sebagai ketua kem kanak-kanak Wawasan Kemakmuran Bersama 2030. Ada peserta enggan membersihkan tandas dan mahu tugas ringan sahaja, ada pula yang mahu hadiah lebih kerana markahnya tinggi dalam pertandingan berkumpulan. Pemimpin yang adil menggilirkan tugas dan membahagikan hadiah pasukan sama rata.

Contoh: Jadual giliran memastikan setiap peserta membersihkan tandas sekali.

Awas: Pertandingan berkumpulan ialah hasil kerjasama, jadi tiada seorang pun layak mendapat bahagian berganda.

putting the group first = 公心

Zhixiang is chosen as leader of a children’s camp on the Shared Prosperity Vision 2030. Some campers refuse to clean toilets and want easy jobs only, while one wants an extra prize for scoring highest in a team quiz. A fair leader rotates the duties and shares team prizes equally.

Example: A rota makes sure every camper cleans the toilets once.

Watch out: A team contest is a joint result, so nobody deserves a double share.

giliran yang adil = 轮流分配

Kerja gotong-royong kelas ada yang berat dan ada yang ringan. Jika murid pandai atau pembantu guru dapat memilih kerja mudah, itu layanan istimewa yang tidak adil. Undian rawak ditambah giliran setiap minggu memberi semua murid peluang yang sama untuk kerja berat dan ringan.

Contoh: Minggu ini Ali menyapu longkang, minggu depan dia menyusun buku.

Awas: Markah peperiksaan tiada kaitan dengan pembahagian kerja.

fair rotation = 轮流分配

Class clean-up jobs include heavy ones and light ones. Letting top pupils or the teacher’s helper choose the easy tasks is special treatment and unfair. A random draw plus a weekly rotation gives every pupil the same chance of heavy and light work.

Example: This week Ali clears the drain; next week he arranges the books.

Watch out: Exam marks have nothing to do with sharing out chores.

berita agensi keadilan = 公义新闻

Murid mengumpul berita tentang agensi yang bertindak adil. Seorang pengarah syarikat asing ditahan kerana memberi rasuah kepada pegawai imigresen untuk mengelak kuarantin. Pegawai polis yang menolak rasuah diberi penghargaan. Mahkamah menyiarkan perbicaraan secara langsung supaya rakyat boleh melihat proses yang telus.

Contoh: Siaran langsung perbicaraan membolehkan orang ramai memantau mahkamah.

Awas: Kongsi berita daripada sumber yang dipercayai sahaja.

news on justice = 公义新闻

Pupils collect news about agencies acting fairly. A foreign company director is arrested for bribing immigration officers to avoid quarantine. Police officers who refused bribes are honoured. A court streams some hearings online so the public can watch a transparent process.

Example: Live-streamed hearings let ordinary people keep an eye on the court.

Watch out: Share news only from trusted sources.

pokok keadilan = 公正树

Murid membina pokok keadilan daripada bahan kitar semula dan menggantung kad tentang amalan adil mereka, kepentingannya dan perasaan mereka. Contohnya, seorang ketua kem tidak membenarkan sepupunya pulang awal sebelum kerja mengemas selesai, dan seorang sukarelawan zoo memberi baucar kepada semua pengunjung secara sama rata.

Contoh: Saya kapten pasukan bola keranjang dan memilih pemain mengikut kehadiran latihan, bukan kawan rapat.

Awas: Tulis pengalaman sebenar dan nyatakan perasaan anda dengan jujur.

fairness tree = 公正树

Pupils build a fairness tree from recycled materials and hang cards describing their own fair actions, why they matter and how they felt. For example, a camp leader does not let her cousin leave before the clean-up is done, and a zoo volunteer hands vouchers to every visitor equally.

Example: As basketball captain, I choose players by training attendance, not by friendship.

Watch out: Write about a real experience and describe your feelings honestly.

ketua yang adil = 公正的组长

Sebagai ketua kumpulan, anda tidak boleh memberi tempat duduk terbaik kepada sepupu hanya kerana hubungan keluarga. Mengambil tempat itu untuk diri sendiri pula menggunakan jawatan untuk kepentingan peribadi. Bergilir-gilir memberi peluang yang sama kepada semua ahli dan mengelakkan rasa tidak puas hati.

Contoh: Setiap ahli duduk di tempat dekat tingkap selama satu jam perjalanan.

Awas: Ketua juga perlu mematuhi giliran yang sama.

a fair leader = 公正的组长

As group leader, you should not give the best seat to your cousin just because he is family. Taking it yourself would be using your position for personal gain. Taking turns gives every member the same chance and prevents resentment in the group.

Example: Each member sits by the window for one hour of the journey.

Watch out: The leader follows the same rota as everyone else.

ringkasan unit = 本课小结

Unit ini mengajar bahawa keadilan bermaksud menggunakan peraturan yang sama untuk semua orang. Drama mahkamah menunjukkan hakim yang menghukum berdasarkan bukti, murid mengenali pengasingan kuasa dan agensi keadilan, kemudian berlatih menolak rasuah serta membahagikan tugas dan hadiah dengan saksama. Latihan seterusnya menguji semua situasi ini.

Contoh: Jika masih keliru tentang tugas polis dan mahkamah, ulang skrin pengasingan kuasa.

Awas: Dalam latihan, pilih tindakan yang adil kepada semua, bukan yang paling menyenangkan diri sendiri.

unit summary = 本课小结

This unit teaches that fairness means applying the same rules to everyone. The courtroom play shows a judge ruling on evidence, pupils learn the separation of powers and the justice agencies, and then practise refusing bribes and sharing duties and prizes evenly. The practice page tests all these situations.

Example: If police and court duties still confuse you, revisit the separation of powers screen.

Watch out: In the practice, choose the action that is fair to all, not the one that pleases you most.