kesederhanaan = 中庸

Seorang penjelajah kecil mesti memilih laluan yang betul untuk sampai ke rumah kesederhanaan. Laluan yang betul ialah tindakan yang sesuai dan tidak berlebihan: meminta bantuan apabila beban terlalu berat, mengambil makanan secukupnya dan menderma mengikut kemampuan. Menderma semua simpanan sekali gus pula terlalu melampau.

Contoh: Di rumah terbuka sambutan kemerdekaan, seorang budak mengambil dua cucuk sate sahaja kerana itu cukup untuknya.

Awas: Sederhana bukan bermaksud malas, tetapi melakukan sesuatu dengan kadar yang tepat.

moderation = 中庸

A little explorer must choose the right path to reach the house of moderation. The right path is made of actions that are suitable and not overdone: asking for help when a load is too heavy, taking just enough food and donating according to what you can afford. Giving away all your savings at once goes too far.

Example: At an Independence Day open house, a boy takes only two sticks of satay because that is enough for him.

Watch out: Moderation is not laziness; it means doing things in the right amount.

menderma ikut kemampuan = 量力捐款

Sekolah mengutip derma untuk mangsa banjir. Murid yang bersikap sederhana berbincang dengan ibu bapa dan memberi sebahagian daripada wang saku. Dia tetap membantu orang lain tetapi masih mempunyai wang untuk makan tengah hari. Memberi semua wang sehingga lapar terlalu melampau, manakala tidak peduli langsung juga tidak wajar.

Contoh: Daripada sepuluh ringgit wang saku seminggu, seorang murid menderma tiga ringgit.

Awas: Niat baik perlu seimbang dengan keperluan diri sendiri.

giving within your means = 量力捐款

The school collects money for flood victims. A pupil who practises moderation talks to his parents first and gives part of his pocket money. He still helps others but keeps enough to buy lunch. Giving everything until he goes hungry is too extreme, while refusing to care at all is not right either.

Example: From ten ringgit of weekly pocket money, a pupil donates three ringgit.

Watch out: Good intentions should be balanced with your own basic needs.

rumah terbuka = 开放门户

Zhi Yu menghadiri rumah terbuka Hari Raya di Seri Perdana. Dia memakai pakaian tradisional yang kemas, bercakap dengan lemah lembut dan bersopan. Apabila kawannya kurang sihat, dia tidak memaksa kawan itu tinggal. Dia mengasingkan sampah untuk dikitar semula, mengambil makanan secukupnya dan mengingatkan orang lain supaya tidak membazir air.

Contoh: Zhi Yu berkata kepada Kang Wen bahawa makanan mereka sudah cukup dan selebihnya untuk tetamu lain.

Awas: Sikap sederhana kelihatan dalam pakaian, percakapan, tingkah laku dan penggunaan sumber.

open house = 开放门户

Zhi Yu attends a Hari Raya open house at the Prime Minister’s official residence. She wears neat traditional clothes, speaks gently and behaves politely. When her friend feels unwell, she does not press her to stay. She sorts rubbish for recycling, takes just enough food and reminds others not to waste water.

Example: Zhi Yu tells Kang Wen that they already have enough food and the rest should be left for other guests.

Watch out: Moderation shows in our clothes, our words, our behaviour and how we use resources.

jalan tengah = 中庸之道

Kesederhanaan bermaksud tidak berat sebelah, tidak berlebihan dan tidak melampau. Kita berpakaian dan bertingkah laku sesuai dengan majlis, tidak berfikiran ekstrem, melakukan sesuatu mengikut kemampuan dan sentiasa memikirkan orang lain. Kita juga menggunakan air, elektrik, makanan dan kemudahan awam dengan berhemat supaya sumber negara kekal.

Contoh: Menutup paip semasa memberus gigi menjimatkan air untuk generasi akan datang.

Awas: Membazir sumber menyebabkan negara terpaksa berbelanja besar untuk membeli dari luar negara.

the middle way = 中庸之道

Moderation means being balanced, never overdoing things and avoiding extremes. We dress and behave to suit the occasion, keep our views reasonable, act within our ability and always think of others. We also use water, electricity, food and public facilities carefully so that the nation’s resources last.

Example: Turning off the tap while brushing your teeth saves water for future generations.

Watch out: Wasting resources forces the country to spend heavily buying them from abroad.

teguran lembut = 温和提醒

Dalam perayaan pelbagai kaum, seseorang berkata sesuatu yang tidak sopan tentang makanan tradisional kaum lain. Sikap sederhana ialah menegur dengan suara yang tenang dan meminta dia menghormati budaya orang lain. Memarahi dengan kuat boleh mencetuskan pertengkaran, manakala ikut mengejek pula melukakan hati orang.

Contoh: Kamu boleh berkata dengan perlahan bahawa setiap kaum bangga dengan makanan mereka dan kita patut menghormatinya.

Awas: Fikiran dan kata-kata yang melampau mudah merosakkan perpaduan.

a gentle reminder = 温和提醒

At a multiracial celebration, someone makes a rude remark about another community’s traditional food. The moderate response is to speak calmly and remind the person to respect other cultures. Shouting at him may start a quarrel, while joining in the teasing hurts other people’s feelings.

Example: You might quietly say that every community is proud of its food and we should respect that.

Watch out: Extreme words and views can easily damage unity.

jimat air dan elektrik = 节约水电

Tiga watak berada di tempat awam. Jing Ping melihat paip di tandas hentian rehat lebuh raya terbuka. Wei En melihat lampu galeri kosong menyala pada waktu siang. Yong Xiang melihat hos air bocor di muzium padi. Cara sederhana ialah menutup paip, melapor kepada petugas dan memberitahu tukang kebun dengan sopan.

Contoh: Wei En berkata kepada petugas galeri bahawa lampu di bilik kosong boleh dimatikan.

Awas: Jangan merosakkan suis atau paip sendiri; laporkan kepada petugas yang bertanggungjawab.

saving water and electricity = 节约水电

Three characters are in public places. Jing Ping finds a tap left running in a highway rest-stop toilet. Wei En sees lights on in an empty gallery in broad daylight. Yong Xiang notices a garden hose leaking at the rice museum. The moderate response is to close the tap, tell the staff and politely inform the gardener.

Example: Wei En tells a gallery worker that the lights in the empty room could be switched off.

Watch out: Do not fiddle with switches or pipes yourself; report to the staff in charge.

elak pembaziran = 避免浪费

Semua lampu dan penghawa dingin di ruang bacaan masih terpasang walaupun hanya tinggal seorang. Sikap sederhana ialah memberitahu petugas kaunter supaya mereka mematikan yang tidak perlu. Elektrik di tempat awam dibayar dengan wang negara, jadi pembaziran tetap merugikan kita semua.

Contoh: Petugas mematikan empat baris lampu dan meninggalkan dua baris untuk keselamatan.

Awas: Mencabut suis atau merosakkan kemudahan awam adalah salah dan berbahaya.

avoiding waste = 避免浪费

Every light and air conditioner in the reading area is still running though only one person is left. The moderate action is to tell the counter staff so they can turn off what is not needed. Electricity in public buildings is paid for with public money, so waste still costs all of us.

Example: The staff switch off four rows of lights and leave two rows on for safety.

Watch out: Pulling out switches or damaging public property is wrong and dangerous.

buku lapan petak = 八格书

Murid melipat sehelai kertas menjadi buku lapan petak dan merekodkan amalan sederhana selama sebulan. Contohnya, semasa Bulan Beli Barangan Malaysia, membeli secukupnya tanpa menyorok barang. Semasa gotong-royong membersihkan pantai, berehat di bawah pokok apabila matahari terlalu terik dan tidak memaksa diri.

Contoh: Dalam satu petak murid menulis: saya membeli dua botol kicap sahaja kerana di rumah masih ada satu.

Awas: Catat juga faedah dan kesan supaya rakan boleh belajar daripada pengalaman anda.

eight-page mini book = 八格书

Pupils fold one sheet of paper into an eight-page mini book and record their moderate actions for a month. For example, during Buy Malaysian Products Month, buy only what is needed instead of hoarding. During a beach clean-up, rest in the shade when the sun is fierce rather than pushing yourself too hard.

Example: On one page a pupil writes: I bought only two bottles of soy sauce because we still had one at home.

Watch out: Record the benefits and effects too so that classmates can learn from your experience.

tidak menyorok barang = 不囤积

Telur dijual dengan harga diskaun semasa promosi produk tempatan, dan di rumah masih ada setengah papan telur. Sikap sederhana ialah membeli cukup untuk seminggu sahaja. Membeli sepuluh papan kerana murah boleh menyebabkan telur rosak dan pelanggan lain tidak dapat membeli.

Contoh: Keluarga yang makan dua biji telur sehari membeli satu papan sahaja untuk minggu itu.

Awas: Murah tidak semestinya perlu dibeli banyak; fikirkan keperluan sebenar.

not hoarding = 不囤积

Eggs are on offer during a local-products promotion, and there is still half a tray at home. The moderate choice is to buy just enough for one week. Buying ten trays because they are cheap may leave eggs to spoil and stop other shoppers from getting any.

Example: A family that eats two eggs a day buys just one tray for that week.

Watch out: Cheap does not mean you must buy a lot; think about what you really need.

berfikir dua hala = 双向思考

Murid membandingkan akibat bersikap sederhana dengan akibat mengabaikannya di temasya sukan kanak-kanak kebangsaan. Wei An tetap tenang apabila pasukannya kalah, jadi penyokong kedua-dua pasukan terus menonton dengan aman. Ting Ting pula berehat sebentar apabila penat, supaya dia boleh terus membersihkan padang tanpa jatuh sakit.

Contoh: Penyokong yang mengejek pasukan lawan boleh mencetuskan pergaduhan di tempat duduk penonton.

Awas: Menang tidak sombong, kalah tidak putus asa; kerja dan rehat perlu seimbang.

two-way thinking = 双向思考

Pupils compare what happens when people are moderate and when they ignore moderation at a national children’s sports meet. Wei An stays calm when his team loses, so fans of both teams keep watching peacefully. Ting Ting takes a short rest when she is tired, so she can carry on clearing the field without falling ill.

Example: Fans who jeer at the other team may start a fight in the stands.

Watch out: Be humble in victory and steady in defeat; balance work with rest.

menang tidak sombong = 胜不骄

Pasukan kelas kamu menjadi juara tarik tali. Sikap sederhana ialah bergembira secara wajar dan berjabat tangan dengan pihak lawan sambil menghargai usaha mereka. Menyanyi di depan pasukan yang kalah adalah melampau dan menyakitkan hati, manakala berpura-pura tidak gembira langsung pula tidak jujur.

Contoh: Selepas bersorak, kapten pasukan berjalan ke arah lawan dan berkata mereka bermain dengan hebat.

Awas: Gembira boleh, tetapi jangan sampai mengejek atau merendahkan orang lain.

humble in victory = 胜不骄

Your class team wins the tug-of-war championship. The moderate response is to celebrate in a reasonable way and shake hands with the other team, thanking them for their effort. Singing loudly in front of the losing side is excessive and hurtful, while pretending not to be happy at all is not honest.

Example: After cheering, the captain walks over to the other team and tells them they played really well.

Watch out: Celebrate, but never mock or look down on others.

meramal akibat = 预测结果

Murid meramal apa yang berlaku jika seseorang bersikap sederhana atau sebaliknya. Di majlis makan tengah hari Hari Malaysia, Qian Hui memilih menghabiskan minuman yang sudah sejuk daripada membuangnya. Di hari promosi buah-buahan tempatan, Jian Bang menasihati adiknya membeli buah secukupnya supaya tidak membusuk.

Contoh: Jika setiap jenis buah dibeli dua kilogram, banyak buah akan rosak sebelum sempat dimakan.

Awas: Pembaziran makanan juga membazirkan wang keluarga dan usaha petani.

predicting results = 预测结果

Pupils predict what happens when someone acts with moderation or ignores it. At a Malaysia Day lunch, Qian Hui chooses to finish her drink even though it has gone cold, instead of pouring it away. On local fruit promotion day, Jian Bang advises his sister to buy only as much fruit as the family can eat.

Example: If two kilograms of every fruit are bought, much of it will rot before anyone eats it.

Watch out: Wasting food also wastes the family’s money and the farmers’ hard work.

pasu kitar semula = 环保盆栽

Kang Zhen ingin mengumpul dana untuk sebuah pusat kaunseling tetapi kemampuannya terhad. Dia memotong botol plastik terpakai, melukis bentuk, mewarnakannya dengan cat akrilik dan menanam pokok kecil di dalamnya untuk dijual. Bahan kitar semula mengurangkan sampah dan harga jualan kekal munasabah.

Contoh: Sebuah pasu comel daripada botol minuman dijual pada harga lima ringgit sahaja.

Awas: Membeli bahan mahal akan menaikkan harga dan membebankan pembeli.

upcycled plant pot = 环保盆栽

Kang Zhen wants to raise money for a counselling centre, but his means are limited. He cuts used plastic bottles in half, draws a shape, paints it with acrylic colours and plants a small plant inside to sell. Recycled materials reduce rubbish and keep the selling price reasonable.

Example: A cute pot made from a drinks bottle sells for just five ringgit.

Watch out: Buying expensive new materials raises the price and burdens the buyers.

kemudahan awam = 公共设施

Perhentian bas, jejantas, peti surat, LRT, tandas awam dan lif memudahkan hidup kita. Sikap sederhana ialah menggunakannya secukupnya dan dengan cermat: duduk di satu tempat sahaja, menggunakan air dan tisu secukupnya, menekan butang tingkat yang perlu sahaja dan beratur dengan tertib.

Contoh: Seorang murid menekan butang tingkat tiga sahaja dan tidak bermain dengan butang lif.

Awas: Jika kemudahan rosak kerana disalah guna, kerajaan perlu membayar kos pembaikan yang besar.

public facilities = 公共设施

Bus stops, pedestrian bridges, postboxes, the LRT, public toilets and lifts make daily life easier. Moderation means using them carefully and only as much as needed: taking one seat, using a sensible amount of water and tissue, pressing only the floor you need and queuing in an orderly way.

Example: A pupil presses only the button for the third floor and does not play with the lift panel.

Watch out: When facilities break through misuse, the government must pay huge repair bills.

berkongsi kemudahan = 共用设施

Perhentian bas penuh ketika hujan lebat, tetapi seorang murid berbaring dan meletakkan beg sehingga mengambil tiga tempat duduk. Cara sederhana ialah menegurnya dengan sopan supaya dia duduk dengan betul dan memberi ruang kepada orang lain. Kemudahan awam dikongsi oleh semua pengguna.

Contoh: Selepas ditegur, murid itu meletakkan beg di atas riba dan dua orang warga emas dapat duduk.

Awas: Membalas dengan membuang beg orang ialah tindakan melampau dan salah.

sharing facilities = 共用设施

The bus stop is crowded during heavy rain, but one pupil is lying down with his bag, taking up three seats. The moderate response is to ask him politely to sit properly and leave room for others. Public facilities are shared by every user.

Example: After the reminder, the pupil puts his bag on his lap and two elderly people can sit down.

Watch out: Throwing his bag into the rain would be an extreme and wrong reaction.

kad amalan sederhana = 中庸实践卡

Murid menulis janji untuk bersikap sederhana di Perpustakaan Negara, menandatangani kad dan mengamalkannya selama sebulan. Contoh janji termasuk menjimatkan air, berhati-hati semasa bercakap, bercakap perlahan, meminjam buku secukupnya dan memulangkannya tepat pada masa. Selepas itu murid berkongsi pengalaman di sudut moral.

Contoh: Seorang murid berjanji meminjam tiga buku sahaja supaya sempat membaca semuanya sebelum tarikh pulang.

Awas: Kad ini hanya bermakna jika janji itu benar-benar diamalkan setiap hari.

moderation pledge card = 中庸实践卡

Pupils write pledges for practising moderation at the National Library, sign the card and keep the promises for a month. Pledges include saving water, choosing words carefully, speaking softly, borrowing a sensible number of books and returning them on time. Afterwards they share their experience in the moral corner.

Example: One pupil promises to borrow only three books so that she can finish them before the due date.

Watch out: The card only means something if the promises are kept every day.

pinjam secukupnya = 适量借书

Perpustakaan membenarkan sepuluh buku, tetapi kamu hanya mampu membaca kira-kira tiga buku dalam dua minggu. Sikap sederhana ialah meminjam tiga buku dahulu dan datang semula selepas habis membaca. Meminjam sepuluh buku tanpa membacanya menghalang pembaca lain daripada mendapat buku itu.

Contoh: Buku popular yang tidak dipinjam secara berlebihan boleh dibaca oleh lebih ramai murid.

Awas: Tidak meminjam langsung bukan sikap sederhana; ia hanya melepaskan peluang belajar.

borrowing just enough = 适量借书

The library allows ten books, but you can only read about three in two weeks. The moderate choice is to borrow three now and come back when you have finished them. Taking ten books you will not read keeps them away from other readers.

Example: Popular books that are not over-borrowed can be enjoyed by many more pupils.

Watch out: Borrowing nothing at all is not moderation; it simply misses a chance to learn.

ringkasan pelajaran = 本课小结

Unit ini mengajar sikap sederhana: tidak berat sebelah, tidak berlebihan dan tidak melampau. Kita berpakaian dan bercakap dengan sesuai, membuat sesuatu mengikut kemampuan, membeli dan menderma secukupnya, menjimatkan sumber dan menjaga kemudahan awam. Sikap ini mengurangkan konflik dan membantu negara berkembang secara mampan.

Contoh: Mengambil makanan secukupnya di majlis rumah terbuka ialah amalan sederhana yang mudah.

Awas: Ingat, sederhana bukan malas atau tidak berusaha.

lesson summary = 本课小结

This unit teaches moderation: being balanced, never overdoing things and avoiding extremes. We dress and speak suitably, act within our ability, buy and donate sensibly, save resources and look after public facilities. This attitude reduces conflict and helps the country grow sustainably.

Example: Taking just enough food at an open house is an easy everyday act of moderation.

Watch out: Remember that moderation does not mean being lazy or making no effort.