bertolak ansur = 礼让

Di Istana Budaya, hanya satu tandas boleh digunakan kerana satu lagi sedang dibaiki. Dua orang penari yang akan membuat persembahan sebentar lagi meminta Qian Wen membenarkan mereka masuk dahulu. Di Planetarium Negara pula, An Jie hendak naik tangga yang sempit ketika dua pekerja sedang menurunkan model sfera yang besar dan berat.

Contoh: An Jie berundur ke tepi tangga dan menunggu sehingga pekerja itu sampai ke bawah dengan selamat.

Awas: Sebelum memberi laluan, fikirkan siapa yang lebih mendesak dan sama ada kita akan teraniaya.

giving way = 礼让

At the National Theatre only one toilet can be used because the other is being repaired. Two dancers who are about to go on stage ask Qian Wen whether they may go first. At the National Planetarium, An Jie is about to climb a narrow staircase just as two workers carry a large, heavy globe model down it.

Example: An Jie steps to the side of the stairs and waits until the workers reach the bottom safely.

Watch out: Before giving way, think about whose need is more urgent and whether you would be treated unfairly.

keperluan mendesak = 紧急需要

Di hadapan mesin air sekolah ada barisan panjang. Seorang murid berpeluh, pucat dan pening selepas berlari. Keadaannya lebih mendesak daripada murid lain, jadi kita patut membenarkannya minum dahulu dan memanggil guru. Peraturan beratur penting, tetapi dalam keadaan kecemasan kita perlu bertolak ansur.

Contoh: Selepas minum dan berehat di bawah kipas, murid itu berasa lebih baik dan guru menghubungi ibu bapanya.

Awas: Pura-pura tidak dengar boleh membahayakan kesihatan rakan itu.

urgent need = 紧急需要

There is a long queue at the school water dispenser. One pupil is sweaty, pale and dizzy after running. His situation is more urgent than anyone else’s, so we should let him drink first and call a teacher. Queuing rules matter, but in an emergency we should give way.

Example: After a drink and a rest under the fan, the pupil feels better and the teacher contacts his parents.

Watch out: Pretending not to hear could put your friend’s health at risk.

perarakan Wesak = 卫塞节游行

Dalam rancangan radio sekolah, Zhi Xuan menemu bual Xiao Dong tentang pengalaman bertolak ansur. Pada Hari Wesak, keluarga Xiao Dong tersekat di lorong kecil kerana jalan ditutup untuk perarakan kenderaan berhias. Perarakan itu panjang dan mengambil masa lebih tiga jam, tetapi para pemandu menunggu dengan sabar tanpa membunyikan hon.

Contoh: Keluarga Xiao Dong menunggu di dalam kereta sambil menikmati kenderaan berhias yang bercahaya.

Awas: Kita menghormati perayaan kaum dan agama lain dengan memberi laluan, bukan dengan merungut.

Wesak procession = 卫塞节游行

On the school radio show, Zhi Xuan interviews Xiao Dong about giving way. On Wesak Day, Xiao Dong’s family got stuck in a small lane because the road was closed for a procession of decorated floats. The procession was long and lasted over three hours, yet the drivers waited patiently without honking.

Example: Xiao Dong’s family waited in the car while enjoying the brightly lit floats.

Watch out: We respect other communities’ festivals by giving way, not by complaining.

bertolak ansur tanpa teraniaya = 礼让不委屈

Bertolak ansur bermaksud mengalah dengan sopan apabila sesuai, dengan memikirkan keperluan orang lain dan kepentingan awam. Sebelum memberi laluan, kita menimbang perkara mana yang lebih penting dan mencari cara lain. Dengan itu kita mengalah dengan rela hati dan tidak perlu mengorbankan diri secara sia-sia.

Contoh: Rakyat pelbagai kaum yang saling memberi laluan semasa perayaan menjadikan suasana aman.

Awas: Jika semua orang enggan beralah, pertengkaran dan kekacauan mudah berlaku.

giving way without being wronged = 礼让不委屈

Giving way means stepping back politely at the right moment, thinking about other people’s needs and the public interest. Before we give way, we weigh up what matters more and look for other solutions. That way we give way willingly and do not have to sacrifice ourselves for nothing.

Example: People of all races making way for one another during festivals keeps the mood peaceful.

Watch out: If nobody is willing to give way, quarrels and disorder easily break out.

memahami jiran = 体谅邻居

Pada malam Deepavali, saudara-mara jiran meletakkan kereta di hadapan rumah kamu. Keluarga kamu tidak perlu keluar malam itu. Sikap bertolak ansur ialah memahami suasana perayaan jiran, dan jika benar-benar perlu keluar, meminta mereka mengalihkan kereta dengan sopan. Kita beralah tanpa teraniaya.

Contoh: Ayah mengetuk pintu jiran dengan senyuman dan pemilik kereta segera mengalihkan keretanya.

Awas: Membunyikan hon atau merosakkan kereta orang hanya mencetuskan permusuhan.

understanding neighbours = 体谅邻居

On Deepavali night, your neighbour’s relatives park in front of your house. Your family does not need to go out that evening. Giving way here means understanding the neighbour’s festive gathering, and if you really need to leave, politely asking them to move. You give way without being treated unfairly.

Example: Dad knocks on the neighbour’s door with a smile, and the car owner moves the car at once.

Watch out: Honking or damaging someone’s car only creates bad feelings.

pelan alternatif = 应对方案

Jalan ke lapangan terbang ditutup dari pukul lima pagi kerana maraton antarabangsa di jambatan Pulau Pinang. Keluarga Jun Jie perlu tiba sebelum pukul tujuh. Mereka boleh menukar laluan, keluar lebih awal, menaiki feri atau bermalam berhampiran lapangan terbang. Semua cara ini menghormati acara tanpa merugikan diri.

Contoh: Keluarga Jun Jie bertolak pada pukul empat pagi dan tiba di lapangan terbang dengan selamat.

Awas: Memandu masuk ke jalan yang ditutup membahayakan pelari dan melanggar undang-undang.

alternative plan = 应对方案

The road to the airport closes from five in the morning because of an international marathon on the Penang bridge. Jun Jie’s family must arrive before seven. They could take another route, leave earlier, take the ferry or stay near the airport the night before. Each option respects the event without hurting the family.

Example: Jun Jie’s family leaves at four in the morning and reaches the airport safely.

Watch out: Driving into a closed road endangers the runners and breaks traffic rules.

menyesuaikan rancangan = 调整安排

Jalan berhampiran rumah ditutup sehingga tengah hari kerana perlumbaan basikal kebangsaan, tetapi kamu ada kelas tuisyen pada pukul sepuluh. Penyelesaian terbaik ialah mengambil jalan lain atau keluar lebih awal dan memaklumkan guru tuisyen. Acara berjalan lancar dan kamu masih dapat belajar.

Contoh: Keluarga melihat peta penutupan jalan pada malam sebelumnya dan memilih jalan belakang taman.

Awas: Memaksa masuk ke laluan perlumbaan boleh menyebabkan kemalangan.

adjusting your plans = 调整安排

The road near your home is closed until noon for a national cycling race, but you have tuition at ten. The best solution is to take another route or leave earlier and let the tutor know. The race runs smoothly and you still get to your lesson.

Example: The family checks the road-closure map the night before and chooses the back road through the estate.

Watch out: Forcing your way onto the race route could cause an accident.

mengutamakan kepentingan besar = 顾全大局

Zuo Zongtang, seorang panglima Dinasti Qing, suka bermain catur Go. Dalam perjalanan ke medan perang, dia menewaskan pemilik pondok yang menggelar dirinya pemain terhebat. Apabila Zuo pulang selepas menang perang, dia kalah tiga kali. Pemilik pondok menjelaskan bahawa dia sengaja mengalah dahulu supaya semangat panglima itu tidak jatuh sebelum mempertahankan negara.

Contoh: Pemilik pondok mengalah demi semangat tentera, kemudian menunjukkan kemahirannya selepas perang tamat.

Awas: Bertolak ansur yang bijak memikirkan kepentingan negara, bukan kerana takut.

putting the bigger picture first = 顾全大局

Zuo Zongtang, a Qing dynasty general, loved the board game Go. On his way to war he beat a hut owner who called himself the best player in the land. When Zuo returned victorious, he lost three games in a row. The owner explained that he had let Zuo win earlier so the general’s confidence would stay high while defending the country.

Example: The hut owner gave way for the sake of the army’s spirit, then showed his true skill after the war.

Watch out: Wise giving way is about the nation’s interest, not about being afraid.

niat sebenar = 真正的用意

Soalan ini bertanya mengapa pemilik pondok sengaja kalah pada kali pertama. Ingat penjelasannya selepas perlawanan kedua: panglima itu dalam perjalanan untuk berperang mempertahankan negara, jadi dia tidak mahu melemahkan semangatnya. Tindakan itu dibuat demi kepentingan negara.

Contoh: Selepas Zuo pulang menang, pemilik pondok bermain sepenuh hati dan menang tiga perlawanan.

Awas: Cerita tidak menyebut dia takut atau sakit; pilih jawapan berdasarkan penjelasannya sendiri.

the real intention = 真正的用意

This question asks why the hut owner lost on purpose the first time. Recall his explanation after the second match: the general was on his way to fight for the country, so he did not want to dampen his spirit. He acted for the good of the nation.

Example: After Zuo returned victorious, the owner played his best and won all three games.

Watch out: The story never says he was afraid or unwell; base your answer on his own explanation.

menimbang keutamaan = 衡量轻重缓急

Di stesen LRT, Shu Qi memberi laluan kepada seorang ibu yang membawa anak cedera ke klinik. Di dalam kereta api, La Li memberikan tempat duduk kepada seorang pak cik yang membawa barang. Di tandas hospital, nenek bertongkat diberi giliran dahulu, kemudian orang yang hendak bersembahyang berjemaah, dan orang yang hanya mahu ke kedai buku boleh menunggu.

Contoh: Seorang pekerja membawa beg besar melalui laluan sempit, jadi murid berdiri di tepi dan memberinya ruang.

Awas: Timbang siapa yang paling memerlukan, bukan siapa yang paling kuat mendesak.

weighing priorities = 衡量轻重缓急

At the LRT station, Shu Qi lets a mother carrying an injured child take the lift first to reach the clinic. On the train, La Li gives his seat to an older man holding bags. At the hospital toilet, the grandmother on crutches goes first, then the person heading to congregational prayers, while someone just going to a bookshop can wait.

Example: A worker carries a big bag through a narrow passage, so the pupils stand aside and give him room.

Watch out: Decide by who needs it most, not by who pushes the hardest.

memberi kepada yang memerlukan = 让给有需要的人

Hanya ada satu kerusi kosong di pintu klinik dan tiga orang datang serentak. Kita perlu menimbang siapa yang paling memerlukannya. Seorang ibu mengandung yang kelihatan letih lebih memerlukan tempat duduk daripada seorang pemuda yang sihat atau seorang remaja yang mahu bermain permainan telefon.

Contoh: Pemuda itu tersenyum dan berdiri di tepi supaya ibu mengandung itu dapat duduk.

Awas: Bertolak ansur bermaksud mengutamakan keperluan, bukan siapa yang sampai dahulu.

giving to those in need = 让给有需要的人

There is only one empty chair at the clinic entrance and three people arrive together. We should weigh up who needs it most. A tired-looking pregnant woman needs the seat more than a healthy young jogger or a teenager who wants to play a phone game.

Example: The jogger smiles and stands aside so the pregnant woman can sit down.

Watch out: Giving way is about need, not about who arrived first.

berunding = 协商

Jun Hao sudah menempah dewan untuk berlatih badminton pada hari Sabtu. Pakcik Muru dari Kementerian Kesihatan meminta dewan itu untuk ceramah menderma darah. Jun Hao perlu berlatih kerana pertandingan minggu depan. Dia menimbang kepentingan orang ramai, bersetuju memberi dewan, dan meminta masa lain supaya dia tidak teraniaya.

Contoh: Jun Hao bertanya sama ada pasukannya boleh menggunakan dewan pada hari Ahad sebagai ganti.

Awas: Bertolak ansur tidak bermaksud diam; kita boleh menyatakan keperluan sendiri dengan sopan.

negotiating = 协商

Jun Hao has booked the hall to practise badminton on Saturday. Uncle Muru from the Ministry of Health asks to use the hall for a blood donation talk. Jun Hao needs practice because the competition is next week. He weighs the public interest, agrees to give up the hall, and asks for another slot so he is not treated unfairly.

Example: Jun Hao asks whether his team could use the hall on Sunday instead.

Watch out: Giving way does not mean keeping quiet; you can still state your own needs politely.

beralah dengan bijak = 礼让不委屈

Dewan sudah ditempah untuk latihan drama, tetapi guru besar perlu menggunakannya untuk ceramah pencegahan denggi seluruh sekolah. Ceramah itu melibatkan kesihatan semua murid, jadi kita memberi laluan. Pada masa yang sama, kita meminta guru membantu mencari masa latihan lain supaya persiapan drama tidak terjejas.

Contoh: Guru menukar latihan drama ke hari Khamis di bilik muzik.

Awas: Berdiam diri lalu berputus asa bukan bertolak ansur; itu hanya memendam rasa.

giving way wisely = 礼让不委屈

The hall is booked for drama practice, but the headmaster needs it for a school-wide dengue talk. The talk concerns every pupil’s health, so we give way. At the same time, we ask a teacher to help find another practice slot so the drama preparation does not suffer.

Example: The teacher moves the drama practice to Thursday in the music room.

Watch out: Staying silent and then giving up is not giving way; it is just bottling up your feelings.

kata-kata hikmat = 礼让名言

Seorang murid berkongsi di sudut pidato bahawa dia memberikan tempat duduk kepada seorang wanita Melayu yang mengandung semasa ceramah antirasuah. Tindakan kecil itu merapatkan hubungannya dengan rakan pelbagai kaum. Kemudian murid mencari kata-kata hikmat tentang bertolak ansur dan menjadikannya penanda buku sebagai pegangan diri.

Contoh: Satu kata hikmat bermaksud: mengalah sebentar menenangkan keadaan, dan berundur selangkah membuka pandangan yang luas.

Awas: Fahami maksud kata hikmat itu, bukan sekadar menghafalnya.

wise sayings = 礼让名言

A pupil tells the class at the speakers’ corner that he gave his seat to a pregnant Malay woman during an anti-corruption talk. That small act brought him closer to friends of other races. Pupils then look for famous sayings about giving way and turn them into bookmarks as personal mottos.

Example: One saying means: be patient for a moment and the storm calms; take one step back and the sky opens wide.

Watch out: Understand what the saying means instead of only memorising it.

peta minda kipas = 扇形思维图

Murid menyusun idea dalam peta minda berbentuk kipas: cara bertolak ansur, kepentingannya dan kesan jika tidak beralah. Di kem tarian kanak-kanak, Pei Xiong membenarkan rakan yang perlu menyediakan dewan mengambil makanan dahulu. Di Perpustakaan Negara, Si Ci membenarkan kumpulan lain meminjam buku rujukan dahulu kerana laporan mereka perlu dihantar lusa.

Contoh: Si Ci dan kumpulan itu berjanji bahawa buku akan diserahkan kepadanya sebaik sahaja mereka selesai.

Awas: Jika semua orang mahu menang sendiri, hubungan menjadi tegang dan kerja tergendala.

fan-shaped mind map = 扇形思维图

Pupils organise their ideas in a fan-shaped mind map: ways to give way, why it matters, and what happens if we refuse. At a children’s dance camp, Pei Xiong lets friends who must set up the hall collect their meals first. At the National Library, Si Ci lets another group borrow the only reference book first because their report is due in two days.

Example: Si Ci and the group agree that the book will be passed to her as soon as they finish.

Watch out: If everyone insists on getting their own way, relationships turn sour and work gets delayed.

siapa lebih mendesak = 谁比较急

Hanya satu komputer di perpustakaan boleh menyambung ke internet. Kamu mahu membaca berita, manakala rakan perlu menghantar kerja rumah dalam masa sepuluh minit. Keperluannya lebih mendesak, jadi berikan dia giliran dahulu. Kamu hanya menunggu sebentar dan tidak rugi apa-apa.

Contoh: Selepas rakan menghantar kerja, dia berterima kasih dan memberikan komputer kepada kamu.

Awas: Mendesak rakan berulang kali menyebabkan dia gelabah dan suasana menjadi tegang.

whose need is more urgent = 谁比较急

Only one computer in the library can go online. You want to read the news, while a classmate must submit homework within ten minutes. His need is more urgent, so let him go first. You only wait a short while and lose nothing.

Example: After submitting the work, he thanks you and hands the computer over.

Watch out: Rushing him again and again makes him nervous and spoils the mood.

ringkasan pelajaran = 本课小结

Unit ini mengajar kita bertolak ansur demi perpaduan negara. Kita belajar menimbang keperluan orang lain, memberi laluan semasa perarakan dan acara sukan, mengutamakan orang yang cedera, mengandung dan warga emas, serta berunding apabila perlu supaya kita tidak teraniaya. Sikap ini menjadikan rakyat pelbagai kaum saling memahami.

Contoh: Memilih jalan lain apabila jalan ditutup untuk maraton ialah contoh bertolak ansur yang bijak.

Awas: Teruskan ke latihan untuk menguji pemahaman anda tentang bertolak ansur.

lesson summary = 本课小结

This unit teaches us to give way for the sake of national unity. We learned to weigh other people’s needs, make way for processions and sports events, put the injured, pregnant and elderly first, and negotiate when needed so that we are not treated unfairly. This attitude helps people of all races understand one another.

Example: Taking another route when a road is closed for a marathon is a wise way of giving way.

Watch out: Move on to the practice page to test what you know about giving way.